Keywords
Flower Thrips
Strawberry Pest Insects
IN1078
Strawberry Pest Insects
IN1078
Categories
How to Cite
Cluever, Jeffrey D., Hugh A. Smith, Joe E. Funderburk, and Galen Frantz. 2015. “Thrips in Florida Strawberry Crops: ENY-882/IN1078, 1/2015”. EDIS 2015 (4). Gainesville, FL:9. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1078-2015.
Abstract
Strawberries grown in Florida are attacked by several pests, including flower thrips. Western flower thrips and common blossom thrips (both invasive) can cause damage to strawberries in Florida; but, while the native Florida flower thrips is commonly found in strawberry blossoms, it hasn’t been established that it can cause economic damage to strawberry. This 9-page fact sheet describes thrips damage, characteristics to distinguish among the three species, and methods of control. Written by Jeff D. Cluever, Hugh A. Smith, Joe E. Funderburk, and Galen Frantz, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, January 2015. (Photo: H. A. Smith)
ENY-882/IN1078: Thrips in Florida Strawberry Crops (ufl.edu)
References
Arthurs, S., C.L. McKenzie, J. Chen, M. Dogramaci, M. Brennan. 2009. Evaluation of Neoseiulus cucumeris and Amblyseius swirksii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as biological control agents of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on pepper. Biological Control. 49(1): 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.01.002
Avila, Y., J. Stavisky, S. Hague, J. Funderburk, S. Reitz, and T. Momol. 2006. Evaluation of Frankliniella bispinosa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as a vector of the Tomato spotted wilt virus in Pepper. Florida Entomologist. 89(2): 204-207. https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[204:EOFBTT]2.0.CO;2
Bi-Song, Yue. 2001. Growth, Reproduction and field population dynamics of Frankliniella bispinosa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Entomologia Sinica. 8(3): 265-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2001.tb00451.x
Bottenberg, H., G. Frantz, and C. Mellinger. 1999. Refuge and cover crop plantings for beneficial insect habitats. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society. 112: 339-341.
Brodbeck, B.V., J. Stavisky, J.E. Funderburk, P.C. Andersen, and S. M. Olson. 2001. Flower nitrogen status and populations of Frankliniella occidentalis feeding on Lycopersicon esculentum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 99(2): 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00814.x
Chen, X., L. Yuan, Y. Du, Y. Zhang, J. Wang. 2011. Cross-resistance and biochemical mechanisms of abamectin resistance in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 101(1): 34-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.07.001
Cloyd, R.A. and C.S. Sadof. 1998. Flower quality, flower number, and western flower thrips density on transvaal daisy treated with granular insecticides. HortTechnology. 8(4): 567-570. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.8.4.567
Coll. M., I. Shouster, and S. Steinberg. 2005. Removal of a predatory bug from a biological control package facilitated an augmentative program in Israeli strawberry, pp. 501-509. In Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, 12-16 September 2005, Davos, Switzerland. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, USA.
Eger, J.E. Jr., J. Stavisky, and J.E. Funderburk. 1998. Comparative toxicity of spinosad to Frankliniella spp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with notes on a bioassay technique. The Florida Entomologist. 81(4): 547-551. https://doi.org/10.2307/3495955
Frantz, G. and T.R. Fasulo. 2013. Thrips KnowledgeBase. http://www.gladescropcare.com/thrips/pgspc.html
Funderburk, J. S. Reitz, P. Stansly, S. Olson, D. Sui, G. McAvoy, A. Whidden, O. Demirozer, G. Nuessly, and N. Leppla. 2011. Managing thrips in pepper and eggplant. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in401
Funderburk, J., S. Reitz, S. Olson, P. Stansly, H. Smith, G. McAvoy, O. Demirozer, C. Snodgrass, M. Paret, and N. Leppla. 2013. Managing thrips and Tospoviruses in Tomato. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in895
Gilstrap, F.E. and E.R. Oatman. 1976. The bionomics of Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an insect predator of spider mites. Hilgardia, Journal of Agricultural Science Published by The California Agricultural Experiment Station. 44(2): 27-59. https://doi.org/10.3733/hilg.v44n02p027
Hansen, E.A., J.E. Funderburk, S.R. Reitz, S. Ramachandran, J.E. Eger, and H. McAuslane. 2003. Within-plant distribution of Frankliniella species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in field pepper. Environmental Entomology. 32(5): 1035-1044. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-32.5.1035
Herron, G.A. and T.M. James. 2005. Monitoring resistance in Australian Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) detects fipronil and spinosad resistance. Anustrailian Journal of Entomology. 44: 299-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2005.00478.x
Hoddle MS, Mound LA, Paris DL. 2012. Thrips of California. CBIT Publishing, Queensland.
Hunter, W.B. and Ullman. 1989. Analysis of mouthpart movements during feeding of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and F. schultzei Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology. 18(2/3): 161-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(89)90024-X
Immaraju, J.A., T.D. Paine, J.A. Bethke, K.L. Robb, and J.P. Newman. 1992. Western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) resistance to insecticides in coastal California greenhouses. Journal of Economic Entomology. 85(1): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/85.1.9
Jensen, S. 2000. Insecticide resistance in western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Integrated Pest Management Reviews. 5(2): 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009600426262
Kay, I.R. and G.A. Herron. 2010. Evaluation of existing and new insecticides including spirotetramat and pyridalyl to control Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on peppers in Queensland. Australian Journal of Entomology. 49(2): 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2010.00751.x
Kirk, W.D.J., and L.I. Terry. 2003. The spread of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 5(4): 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00192.x
Kumm, S. and G. Moritz. 2009. Life-cycle variation, including female production by virgin females in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Journal of Applied Entomology. 134(6): 491-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01473.x
Lewis, T. 1991b. Feeding, Flight and dispersal in thrips. pp. 63-70. In Conference: Toward understanding thysanoptera. B.L. Parker, M. Skinner, L. Trevor. (eds.) Burlington, VT. General Tech. Rep. NE-147, Randall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/6365
Martin, K.W., A.C. Hodges, and N.C. Leppla. 2012. Citrus pests Florida flower thrips. http://idtools.org/id/citrus/pests/factsheet.php?name=Florida+flower+thrips
McDonald, J.R., J.S. Bale, and F.A. Walters. 1998. Effect of temperature on development of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). European Journal of Entomology. 95:301-306.
Milne, J.R., G.H. Walter, and G.C. Sabio. 1996. The importance of non-pollen parts as food sources for the common blossom thrips, Frankliniella schultzei. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 78: 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1996.tb00791.x
Milne, M. and G.H. Walter. 1997. The significance of prey in the diet of the phytophagous thrips, Frankliniella schultzei. Ecological entomology. 22: 74-81. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.1997.00034.x
Morishita, M. 2001. Toxicity of some insecticides to larvae of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) evaluated by the petri dish-spraying tower method. Applied Entomology and Zoology. 36(1): 137-141. https://doi.org/10.1303/aez.2001.137
Morse, J.G. and M.S. Hoddle. 2006. Invasion biology of thrips. Annual Reviews of Entomology. 51: 67-89. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151044
Mossler, M.A. 2013. Florida crop/pest management profiles: strawberry. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi037 https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-pi042-2013
New Brunswick. 2014. Agriculture, Aquaculture, and Fisheries, Fruit Bronzing in Strawberry. http://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/10/agriculture/content/crops/small_fruits/fruit_bronzing.html
Nielsen, M.C., D.A.J. Teulon, R.B. Chapman, R.C. Butler, G.M. Drayton, and H. Philipsen. 2010. Comparison of life history parameters of two Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) strains in New Zealand. Environmental Entomology. 39(2): 303-311. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN09058
Paini, D.R., J.E. Funderburk, and S.R. Reitz. 2008. Competitive exclusion of a worldwide invasive pest by a native. Quantifying competition between two phytophagous insects on two host plant species. Journal of Animal Ecology. 77(1): 184-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01324.x
Pinent, S.M.J., A. Nondillo, M. Botton, L.R. Redaelli, C.E. da C. Pinent. 2011. Species of thrips (Insecta, Thysanoptera) in two strawberry production systems in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 55(3): 419-423. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011005000032
Polito, V.S., K.D. Larson, and K. Pinney. 2002. Anatomical and histochemical factors associated with bronzing development in strawberry fruit. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 127(3): 355-357. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.127.3.355
Race, S.R. Early-season thrips control on cotton in New Mexico. Journal of Economic Entomology. 54(5): 974-976. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/54.5.974
Rhodes, E. M., O. E. Liburd, and G. K. England. 2012. Effects of southern highbush blueberry cultivar and treatment threshold on flower thrips populations. Journal of Economic Entomology 105: 480-489. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11265
Stavisky, J., J. Funderburk, B.V. Broadbeck, S.M. Olson, and P.C. Andersen. 2002. Population dynamics of Frankliniella spp. and tomato spotted wilt incidence as influenced by cultural management tactics in tomato. Journal of Economic Entomology. 95(6): 1216-1221. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1216
Steiner, M.Y. and S. Goodwin. 2005. Management of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Australian strawberry crops: within-plant distribution characteristics and action thresholds. Australian Journal of Entomology. 44(2): 175-185 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2005.00467.x
Weiss, A., J.E. Dripps, and J. Funderburk. 2009. Assessment of implementation and sustainability of integrated pest management programs. Florida Entomologist. 92(1): 24-28. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.092.0105
Williams, R.N. 1998. Flower Thrips. In J.L. Maas (ed.) pp. 91. Compendium of Strawberry diseases. 2nd edition American Phytopathological society. St. Paul, Mn.
Zalom, F.G., M.P. Bolda, P.A. Phillips, and N.C, Toscano. 2014. UC Pest Management Guidelines: Strawberry, Western Flower Thrips, Scientific Name: Frankliniella occidentalis. UC ANR Publication 3468. http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r734301211.html#DAMAGE
Avila, Y., J. Stavisky, S. Hague, J. Funderburk, S. Reitz, and T. Momol. 2006. Evaluation of Frankliniella bispinosa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as a vector of the Tomato spotted wilt virus in Pepper. Florida Entomologist. 89(2): 204-207. https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[204:EOFBTT]2.0.CO;2
Bi-Song, Yue. 2001. Growth, Reproduction and field population dynamics of Frankliniella bispinosa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Entomologia Sinica. 8(3): 265-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2001.tb00451.x
Bottenberg, H., G. Frantz, and C. Mellinger. 1999. Refuge and cover crop plantings for beneficial insect habitats. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society. 112: 339-341.
Brodbeck, B.V., J. Stavisky, J.E. Funderburk, P.C. Andersen, and S. M. Olson. 2001. Flower nitrogen status and populations of Frankliniella occidentalis feeding on Lycopersicon esculentum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 99(2): 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00814.x
Chen, X., L. Yuan, Y. Du, Y. Zhang, J. Wang. 2011. Cross-resistance and biochemical mechanisms of abamectin resistance in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 101(1): 34-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.07.001
Cloyd, R.A. and C.S. Sadof. 1998. Flower quality, flower number, and western flower thrips density on transvaal daisy treated with granular insecticides. HortTechnology. 8(4): 567-570. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.8.4.567
Coll. M., I. Shouster, and S. Steinberg. 2005. Removal of a predatory bug from a biological control package facilitated an augmentative program in Israeli strawberry, pp. 501-509. In Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, 12-16 September 2005, Davos, Switzerland. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, USA.
Eger, J.E. Jr., J. Stavisky, and J.E. Funderburk. 1998. Comparative toxicity of spinosad to Frankliniella spp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with notes on a bioassay technique. The Florida Entomologist. 81(4): 547-551. https://doi.org/10.2307/3495955
Frantz, G. and T.R. Fasulo. 2013. Thrips KnowledgeBase. http://www.gladescropcare.com/thrips/pgspc.html
Funderburk, J. S. Reitz, P. Stansly, S. Olson, D. Sui, G. McAvoy, A. Whidden, O. Demirozer, G. Nuessly, and N. Leppla. 2011. Managing thrips in pepper and eggplant. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in401
Funderburk, J., S. Reitz, S. Olson, P. Stansly, H. Smith, G. McAvoy, O. Demirozer, C. Snodgrass, M. Paret, and N. Leppla. 2013. Managing thrips and Tospoviruses in Tomato. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in895
Gilstrap, F.E. and E.R. Oatman. 1976. The bionomics of Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an insect predator of spider mites. Hilgardia, Journal of Agricultural Science Published by The California Agricultural Experiment Station. 44(2): 27-59. https://doi.org/10.3733/hilg.v44n02p027
Hansen, E.A., J.E. Funderburk, S.R. Reitz, S. Ramachandran, J.E. Eger, and H. McAuslane. 2003. Within-plant distribution of Frankliniella species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in field pepper. Environmental Entomology. 32(5): 1035-1044. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-32.5.1035
Herron, G.A. and T.M. James. 2005. Monitoring resistance in Australian Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) detects fipronil and spinosad resistance. Anustrailian Journal of Entomology. 44: 299-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2005.00478.x
Hoddle MS, Mound LA, Paris DL. 2012. Thrips of California. CBIT Publishing, Queensland.
Hunter, W.B. and Ullman. 1989. Analysis of mouthpart movements during feeding of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and F. schultzei Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology. 18(2/3): 161-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(89)90024-X
Immaraju, J.A., T.D. Paine, J.A. Bethke, K.L. Robb, and J.P. Newman. 1992. Western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) resistance to insecticides in coastal California greenhouses. Journal of Economic Entomology. 85(1): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/85.1.9
Jensen, S. 2000. Insecticide resistance in western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Integrated Pest Management Reviews. 5(2): 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009600426262
Kay, I.R. and G.A. Herron. 2010. Evaluation of existing and new insecticides including spirotetramat and pyridalyl to control Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on peppers in Queensland. Australian Journal of Entomology. 49(2): 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2010.00751.x
Kirk, W.D.J., and L.I. Terry. 2003. The spread of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 5(4): 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00192.x
Kumm, S. and G. Moritz. 2009. Life-cycle variation, including female production by virgin females in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Journal of Applied Entomology. 134(6): 491-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01473.x
Lewis, T. 1991b. Feeding, Flight and dispersal in thrips. pp. 63-70. In Conference: Toward understanding thysanoptera. B.L. Parker, M. Skinner, L. Trevor. (eds.) Burlington, VT. General Tech. Rep. NE-147, Randall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/6365
Martin, K.W., A.C. Hodges, and N.C. Leppla. 2012. Citrus pests Florida flower thrips. http://idtools.org/id/citrus/pests/factsheet.php?name=Florida+flower+thrips
McDonald, J.R., J.S. Bale, and F.A. Walters. 1998. Effect of temperature on development of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). European Journal of Entomology. 95:301-306.
Milne, J.R., G.H. Walter, and G.C. Sabio. 1996. The importance of non-pollen parts as food sources for the common blossom thrips, Frankliniella schultzei. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 78: 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1996.tb00791.x
Milne, M. and G.H. Walter. 1997. The significance of prey in the diet of the phytophagous thrips, Frankliniella schultzei. Ecological entomology. 22: 74-81. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.1997.00034.x
Morishita, M. 2001. Toxicity of some insecticides to larvae of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) evaluated by the petri dish-spraying tower method. Applied Entomology and Zoology. 36(1): 137-141. https://doi.org/10.1303/aez.2001.137
Morse, J.G. and M.S. Hoddle. 2006. Invasion biology of thrips. Annual Reviews of Entomology. 51: 67-89. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151044
Mossler, M.A. 2013. Florida crop/pest management profiles: strawberry. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi037 https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-pi042-2013
New Brunswick. 2014. Agriculture, Aquaculture, and Fisheries, Fruit Bronzing in Strawberry. http://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/10/agriculture/content/crops/small_fruits/fruit_bronzing.html
Nielsen, M.C., D.A.J. Teulon, R.B. Chapman, R.C. Butler, G.M. Drayton, and H. Philipsen. 2010. Comparison of life history parameters of two Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) strains in New Zealand. Environmental Entomology. 39(2): 303-311. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN09058
Paini, D.R., J.E. Funderburk, and S.R. Reitz. 2008. Competitive exclusion of a worldwide invasive pest by a native. Quantifying competition between two phytophagous insects on two host plant species. Journal of Animal Ecology. 77(1): 184-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01324.x
Pinent, S.M.J., A. Nondillo, M. Botton, L.R. Redaelli, C.E. da C. Pinent. 2011. Species of thrips (Insecta, Thysanoptera) in two strawberry production systems in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 55(3): 419-423. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011005000032
Polito, V.S., K.D. Larson, and K. Pinney. 2002. Anatomical and histochemical factors associated with bronzing development in strawberry fruit. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 127(3): 355-357. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.127.3.355
Race, S.R. Early-season thrips control on cotton in New Mexico. Journal of Economic Entomology. 54(5): 974-976. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/54.5.974
Rhodes, E. M., O. E. Liburd, and G. K. England. 2012. Effects of southern highbush blueberry cultivar and treatment threshold on flower thrips populations. Journal of Economic Entomology 105: 480-489. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11265
Stavisky, J., J. Funderburk, B.V. Broadbeck, S.M. Olson, and P.C. Andersen. 2002. Population dynamics of Frankliniella spp. and tomato spotted wilt incidence as influenced by cultural management tactics in tomato. Journal of Economic Entomology. 95(6): 1216-1221. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1216
Steiner, M.Y. and S. Goodwin. 2005. Management of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Australian strawberry crops: within-plant distribution characteristics and action thresholds. Australian Journal of Entomology. 44(2): 175-185 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2005.00467.x
Weiss, A., J.E. Dripps, and J. Funderburk. 2009. Assessment of implementation and sustainability of integrated pest management programs. Florida Entomologist. 92(1): 24-28. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.092.0105
Williams, R.N. 1998. Flower Thrips. In J.L. Maas (ed.) pp. 91. Compendium of Strawberry diseases. 2nd edition American Phytopathological society. St. Paul, Mn.
Zalom, F.G., M.P. Bolda, P.A. Phillips, and N.C, Toscano. 2014. UC Pest Management Guidelines: Strawberry, Western Flower Thrips, Scientific Name: Frankliniella occidentalis. UC ANR Publication 3468. http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r734301211.html#DAMAGE