Abstract
The aquaculture industry can use feed attractants to improve the feed intake efficiency of various fish and shellfish species. These attractants can be used for improving fish growth and survival, particularly during the sensitive early-life phases when effective feeding is critical to survival. Thus, there is a need to review the types of attractants and their effectiveness in improving fish growth and survival. In this EDIS publication, we provided background information on how feed attractants work and provided the available list of feed attractants that have been used by industry.
References
da Silva, B. C., F. do Nascimento Vieira, J. L. Pedreira Mouriño, G. S. Ferreira, and W. Q. Seiffert. 2013. “Salts of Organic Acids Selection by Multiple Characteristics for Marine Shrimp Nutrition.” Aquaculture 384–387: 104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.12.017
Dias, J., E. F. Gomes, and S. J. Kaushik. 1997. “Improvement of Feed Intake Through Supplementation with an Attractant Mix in European Seabass Fed Plant-Protein Rich Diets.” Aquatic Living Resources 10 (6): 385–389. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr:1997043
Estruch, G., A. Tomás-Vidal, A. M. El Nokrashy, R. Monge-Ortiz, S. Godoy-Olmos, M. Jover Cerdá, S. Martínez-Llorens. 2018. “Inclusion of Alternative Marine By-products in Aquafeeds with Different Levels of Plant-Based Sources for On-growing Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.): Effects on Digestibility, Amino Acid Retention, Ammonia Excretion and Enzyme Activity.” Archives of Animal Nutrition 72 (4): 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039x.2018.1472408
He, G., X. Chen, Q. Zeng, W. Zhu, Z. Chen, B. Tan, and S. Xie. 2022. “Effects of Compound Feed Attractants on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Intestinal Histology, Protein Synthesis, and Immune Response of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Animals 12 (19): 2550. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192550
Hossain, Md. S., S. Koshio, and P. Kestemont. 2020. “Recent Advances of Nucleotide Nutrition Research in Aquaculture: A Review.” Reviews in Aquaculture 12 (2): 1028–1053. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12370
Ismail, T., E. Hegazi, M. A. O. Dawood, E. Nassef, A. Bakr, B. A. Paray, and H. Van Doan. 2020. “Using of Betaine to Replace Fish Meal with Soybean or/and Corn Gluten Meal in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Diets: Histomorphology, Growth, Fatty Acid, and Glucose-Related Gene Expression Traits.” Aquaculture Reports 17: 100376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100376
Jannathulla, R., O. Sravanthi, H. Imran Khan, H. Syed Moomeen, A. Gomathi, and J. Syama Dayal. 2021. “Chemoattractants: Their Essentiality and Efficacy in Shrimp Aquaculture.” Indian Journal of Fisheries 68 (1). https://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJF/article/view/95994
Jasour, M. S., L. Wagner, U. K. Sundekilde, B. K. Larsen, H. T. Rasmussen, N. H. Hjermitslev, M. Hammershøj, A. J. Dalsgaard, T. K. Dalsgaard. 2018. “Fishmeal with Different Levels of Biogenic Amines in Aquafeed: Comparison of Feed Protein Quality, Fish Growth Performance, and Metabolism.” Aquaculture 488, 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.01.030
Jin, M., J. Xiong, Q.-C. Zhou, Y. Yuan, X.-X.Wang, and P. Sun. 2018. “Dietary yeast hydrolysate and brewer’s yeast supplementation could enhance growth performance, innate immunity capacity and ammonia nitrogen stress resistance ability of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).” Fish & Shellfish Immunology 82: 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.020
Kasumyan, A. O., and K. B. Doving. 2003. “Taste Preferences in Fishes.” Fish and Fisheries 4 (4): 289–347. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2003.00121.x
Khajepour, F., and S. A. Hosseini. 2012. “Citric acid improves growth performance and phosphorus digestibility in beluga (Huso huso) fed diets where soybean meal partly replaced fish meal.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 171 (1): 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.10.001
Khosravi, S., H. T. Bui, S. Rahimnejad, M. Herault, V. Fournier, S.-S. Kim, J.-B. Jeong, and K.-J. Lee. 2015. Dietary Supplementation of Marine Protein Hydrolysates in Fish-Meal Based Diets for Red Sea Bream (Pagrus major) and Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).” Aquaculture 435: 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.10.019
Kolkovski, S., S. Czesny, and K. Dabrowski. 2000. Use of Krill Hydrolysate as a Feed Attractant for Fish Larvae and Juveniles.” Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 31 (1): 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2000.tb00701.x
Kubitza, F., L. L. Lovshin, and R. T. Lovell. 1997. “Identification of Feed Enhancers for Juvenile Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides.” Aquaculture 148 (2–3): 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(96)01417-2
Li, P., and D. M. Gatlin. 2006. “Nucleotide Nutrition in Fish: Current Knowledge and Future Applications.” Aquaculture 251 (2–4): 141–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.01.009
Limpisophon, K., P. Hirunrattana, & N. Prachom. 2023. “Valorization of Chicken Intestine: A Process of Protein Hydrolysate for Fish Feed Attractant Using Pilot Plant Scale System.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 296: 115554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115554
Løkkeborg, S. 1990. “Rate of Release of Potential Feeding Attractants from Natural and Artificial Bait.” Fisheries Research 8 (3): 253–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(90)90026-r
Løkkeborg, S., S. I. Siikavuopio, O.-B. Humborstad, A. C. Utne-Palm, and K. Ferter. 2014. “Towards More Efficient Longline Fisheries: Fish Feeding Behaviour, Bait Characteristics and Development of Alternative Baits.” Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 24 (4): 985–1003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9360-z
Masilan, K., N. Neethiselvan, R. J. Shakila, A. Karthy, U. Arisekar, N. Muralidharan, T. Ravikumar, B. Sivaraman, C. Kalidas, L. Ranjith, and D. Linga prabhu. 2022. “Development of Fish Gelatin-Based Artificial Fish Baits Incorporating Bioattractants from Seafood Processing Waste.” Journal of the Indian Chemical Society 99 (3): 100376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2022.100376
Morais, S. 2016. “The Physiology of Taste in Fish: Potential Implications for Feeding Stimulation and Gut Chemical Sensing.” Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture 25 (2): 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2016.1249279
NOAA Fisheries. n.d. “Feeds for Aquaculture.” Aquaculture. Accessed November 15, 2024. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/insight/feeds-aquaculture
NOAA. 2024. “What is aquaculture?” NOAA’s National Ocean Service. Last modified June 16, 2024. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/aquaculture.html
Polat, A., and G. Beklevik. 1999. “The Importance of Betaine and Some Attractive Substances as Fish Feed Additives.” Ciheam-Iamz 37: 217–220.
Rawat, P., P. Biswas, A. K. Jena, A. B. Patel, and P. K. Pandey. 2019. “Effect of Dietary Incorporation of Natural Attractants on Growth and Survival During Seed Rearing of Indian Butter Catfish, Ompok bimaculatus.” Journal of Environmental Biology 40 (4): 661–667. https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/40/4/mrn-907
Romano, N., C.-B. Koh, and W.-K. Ng. 2015. “Dietary microencapsulated organic acids blend enhances growth, phosphorus utilization, immune response, hepatopancreatic integrity and resistance against Vibrio harveyi in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.” Aquaculture 435: 228–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.09.037
Schipp, G. 2008. “Is the use of fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture diets sustainable?” Technote No. 124. Northern Territory Government of Australia, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. https://dpir.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/233562/tn124.pdf
Tocher, D. R., E. Å. Bendiksen, P. J. Campbell, and J. G. Bell. 2008. “The Role of Phospholipids in Nutrition and Metabolism of Teleost Fish.” Aquaculture 280 (1–4): 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.04.034
Yacoob, S. Y., and A. V. Suresh. 2003. “Attractants: The Basics.” Global Seafood Advocate, Responsible Seafood Advocate. https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/attractants-the-basics/
Walsh, S. J., A. Engås, R. Ferro, R. Fonteyne, and B. V. Marlen. 2002. “To Catch or Conserve More Fish: The Evolution of Fishing Technology in Fisheries Science.” ICES Marine Science Symposia 215: 493–503. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.8887
Zlaugotne, B., J. Pubule, and D. Blumberga. 2022. “Advantages and Disadvantages of Using More Sustainable Ingredients in Fish Feed.” Heliyon 8 (9): e10527. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10527
Zou, Q., Y. Huang, J. Cao, H. Zhao, G. Wang, Y. Li, and Q. Pan. 2017. “Effects of Four Feeding Stimulants in High Plant-Based Diets on Feed Intake, Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Digestive Enzyme Activities and Appetite-Related Genes Expression of Juvenile Gift Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.).” Aquaculture Nutrition 23 (5): 1076–1085. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12475
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 UF/IFAS