Abstract
Fructose is a simple sugar found in many foods. Common table sugar is made of equal amounts fructose and glucose. Similarly, high-fructose corn syrup, commonly used to sweeten foods, contains a mixture of fructose and glucose. Fructose is sweeter than glucose, and for this reason it has been used in many sweetened foods. This revised 2-page fact sheet was written by Wendy Dahl, Lauren Foster, and Russel Owen, and published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, June 2013.
References
BMJ. 2013. "Fructose May Be Making Us Eat More." 346: f74. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f74
Bray, G. A., J. N. Samara, and B. M. Popkin. 2004. "Consumption of High-Fructose Corn Syrup in Beverages May Play a Role in the Epidemic of Obesity." Am J ClinNutr. 79: 537-543. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.4.537
Hanover, L. M., and J. S. White. 1993. "Manufacturing, Composition, and Applications of Fructose." Am J Clin Nutr. 58: 724S-732S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/58.5.724S
Lê, K. A, and L. Tappy. 2006. "Metabolic Effects of Fructose." Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 9: 469-75. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mco.0000232910.61612.4d
Ramírez, E. C., D. B. Johnston, A. J. McAloon, and V. Singh. 2009. "Enzymatic Corn Wet Milling: Engineering Process and Cost Model." Biotechnol Biofuels 21: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-2-2
Stanhope, K. L., J. M. Schwarz, N. L. Keim, S. C. Griffen, A. A. Bremer, J. L. Graham, B. Hatcher, C. L. Cox, A. Dyachenko, et al. 2009. "Consuming Fructose Sweetened, Not Glucose-Sweetened, Beverages Increases Visceral Adiposity and Lipids and Decreases Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight/Obese Humans." J Clin Invest. 119: 1322-34. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI37385
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2011. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2012a. Agricultural Research Service. "Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page." http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl.
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2012b. Economic Research Service. "Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System." http://www.ers.usda.gov/data/foodconsumption.
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2013. Economic Research Service. "Sugar and Sweeteners Yearbook Tables. Corn Sweetener Supply, Use, and Trade." http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/sugar-and-sweeteners-yearbook-tables.aspx#25480.