Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
The stable fly is a blood-sucking filth fly of considerable importance to people, pets, livestock, and the tourist industry in Florida. Filth flies, including stable flies, exploit habitats and food sources created by human activities, such as farming. Stable flies primarily attack animals for a blood meal, but in the absence of an animal host, they will bite people. This revised 4-page fact sheet was written by P. E. Kaufman and E. N. I. Weeks, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012.
References
Broce, A. B. 1988. An improved Alsynite trap for stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Med. Entomol. 25: 406-409. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/25.5.406
Campbell, J. B., S. R. Skoda, D. R. Berkebile, D. J. Boxler, G. D. Thomas, D. C. Adams, and R. Davis. 2001. Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on weight gains of grazing yearling cattle. J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 780-783. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-94.3.780
Catangui, M. A., J. B. Campbell, G. D. Thomas, and D. J. Boxler. 1995. Average daily gains of Brahman-crossbred and English x exotic feeder heifers during long-term exposure to stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 88: 1349-1352. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/88.5.1349
Catangui, M. A., J. B. Campbell, G. D. Thomas, and D. J. Boxler. 1997. Calculating economic injury levels for stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on feeder heifers. J. Econ. Entomol. 90: 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/90.1.6
Cilek, J. E. 2002. Attractiveness of beach ball decoys to adult Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Med. Entomol. 39: 127-129. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-39.1.127
Hogsette, J. A., and J. P. Ruff. 1985. Stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) migration in northwest Florida. Environ. Entomol. 14: 170-175. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/14.2.170
Hogsette, J. A. 1990. Comparative attraction of four different fiberglass traps to various age and sex classes of stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) adults. J. Econ. Entomol. 83: 883-886. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/83.3.883
Jones, C. J., J. A. Hogsette, R. S. Patterson, D. E. Milne, G. D. Propp, J. F. Milio, L. G. Rickard, and J. P. Ruff. 1991. Origin of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on west Florida beaches: Electrophoretic analysis of dispersal. J. Med. Entomol. 28: 787-795. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/28.6.787
Marcon, P. C. R. G., G. D. Thomas, B. D. Siegfried, and J. B. Campbell. 1997. Susceptibility of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) from southeastern Nebraska beef cattle feedlots to selected insecticides and comparison of 3 bioassay techniques. J. Econ. Entomol. 90: 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/90.2.293
Moon, R. D. 2002. Muscoid flies (Muscidae), pp. 45-65. In G. R. Mullen and L. A. Durden (eds.), Medical and Veterinary Entomology, vol. 2. Elsevier, San Diego, CA.
Pickens, L. G., E. T. Schmidtmann, and R. W. Miller. 1994. How to control house and stable flies without using pesticides, pp. 1-14. USDA, Washington, DC.
Pitzer, J. B., P. E. Kaufman, S. H. TenBroeck, and J. E. Maruniak. 2011. Host blood meal identification by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for dispersal evidence of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) between livestock facilities. J. Med. Entomol. 48: 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME10123
Rochon, K., T. J. Lysyk, and L. B. Selinger. 2004. Persistence of Escherichia coli in immature house fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in relation to larval growth and survival. J. Med. Entomol. 41: 1082-1089. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1082
Taylor, D. B., R. D. Moon, and D. R. Mark. 2012. Economic impact of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy and beef cattle production. J. Med. Entomol. 49: 198-209. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME10050
Wright, R. E. 1985. Arthropod pests of beef cattle on pastures and range land, pp. 191-206. In R. E. Williams, R. D. Hall, A. B. Broce and P. J. Scholl (eds.), Livestock Entomology. Wiley, New York.