Preventing Foodborne Illness: E. coli “The Big Six”
a microscopic image of E. coli
view on EDIS
PDF-2018

Keywords

E. coli
food safety
microbiology
FS233
FSHN1309

How to Cite

Bertoldi, Bruna, Susanna Richardson, Renee Goodrich Schneider, Ploy Kurdmongkolthan, and Keith R. Schneider. 2018. “Preventing Foodborne Illness: E. Coli ‘The Big Six’: FSHN13-09/FS233, Rev. 1/2018”. EDIS 2018 (1). Gainesville, FL. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fs233-2018.

Abstract

This 7-page fact sheet is one in a series of fact sheets discussing common foodborne pathogens of interest to food handlers, processors, and retailers. It covers the characteristics of, and symptoms caused by, the bacterium E. coli (particularly the “big six” strains), and also details how to minimize the risk of spreading or contracting an E. coli infection. Written by Bruna Bertoldi, Susanna Richardson, Renee Goodrich-Schneider, Ploy Kurdmongkoltham, and Keith R. Schneider and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, January 2018.
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs233

https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fs233-2018
view on EDIS
PDF-2018

References

Armstrong, G.L., J. Hollingsworth, and J.G. Morris Jr. 1996. "Emerging Foodborne Pathogens: Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a Model of Entry of a New Pathogen into the Food Supply of the Developed World." Epidemiologic Reviews (18)1:29-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017914

Arthur, T.M., G.A. Barkocy-Gallagher, M. Rivera-Betancourt, and M. Koohmaraie. 2002. "Prevalence and Characterization of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli on Carcasses in Commercial Beef Cattle Processing Plants." Applied and Environmental Microbiology (68)10:4847-4852. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.10.4847-4852.2002

Besser, T.E., B.L. Richards, D.H. Rice, and D.D. Hancock. 2001. "Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection of Calves: Infectious Dose and Direct Contact Transmission." Epidemiology and Infection 127:555-560. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026880100615X

Buchholz, U., H. Bernard, D. Werber, M.M. Bohmer, C. Remschmidt, H. Wilking, Y. Delere, M. an der Heiden, C. Adlhoch, J. Dreesman, J. Ehlers, S. Ethelberg, M. Faber, C. Frank, G. Fricke, M. Greiner, M. Hohle, S. Ivarsson, U. Jark, M. Kirchner, J. Koch, G. Krause, P. Luber, B. Rosner, K. Stark, and M. Kuhne. 2011. "German Outbreak of Escherichia coli O104:H4 Associated with Sprouts." New England Journal of Medicine. 365(19): 1764-1770. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1106482

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2017. "Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli & Food Safety." Accessed November 3, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/features/ecoliinfection/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2016a. "Escherichia coli (E. coli)." Accessed May 31, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/pdfs/cdc-e.-coli-factsheet.pdf

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2016b. "Multistate Outbreak of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections Linked to Flour." Accessed May 25, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2016/o121-06-16/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2015a. "E. coli - General Information- What are Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC)." Accessed August 21, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/general/index.html#what-are-shiga-toxin

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2015b. "Multistate Outbreaks of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26 Infections Linked to Chipotle Mexican Grill Restaurants (Final Update)." Accessed May 31, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2015/o26-11-15/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2012. "Multistate Outbreak of Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli O145 Infections (Final Update)." Accessed May 31, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2012/O145-06-12/index.html

Dulguer, M.V., S.H. Fabbricotti, S.Y. Bando, C.A. Moreira-Filho, U.F. Neto, and I.C.A. Scaletsky. 2003. "Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains: Phenotypic and Genetic Profiling Reveals a Strong Association between Enteroaggregative E. coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin and Diarrhea." Journal of Infectious Diseases. 188(11):1685-1694. https://doi.org/10.1086/379666

Fischer Walker, C.L., J.A. Applegate, and R.E. Black. 2012. "Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome as a Sequela of Diarrhoeal Disease." Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition (30)3: 257-261. https://doi.org/10.3329/jhpn.v30i3.12288

Frank, C., D. Werber, J.P. Cramer, M. Askar, M. Faber, M. AnderHeinden, H. Bernard, A. Fruth, R. Prager, A. Spode, M. Wadl, A. Zoufaly, S. Jordan, M.J. Kemper, P. Follin, L. Muller, L.A. King, B. Rosner, U. Buchholz, K. Stark, and G. Krause. 2011. "Epidemic Profile of Shiga-Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 Outbreak in Germany." New England Journal of Medicine 365:1771-1780. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1106483

Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2017a. "Code of Federal Regulations Title 21-Part 117. Current Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food." Accessed June 1, 2017. https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=01afb009a9de6f6797d02757e59ef157&mc=true&node=pt21.2.117&rgn=div5

Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2017b. "Recalls, Market Withdrawals, & Safety Alerts." Accessed June 8, 2017. https://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/default.htm

Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2017c. "FSMA Final Rule for Preventive Controls for Human Food." Accessed November 3, 2017. https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm334115.htm

Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2015. "Final Qualitative Assessment of Risk to Public Health from On-Farm Contamination of Produce." Accessed October 23, 2017. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/food/foodscienceresearch/risksafetyassessment/ucm470780.pdf

Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2013. "2013 Food Code." Accessed May 5, 2017. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/food/guidanceregulation/retailfoodprotection/foodcode/ucm374510.pdf

Kaspar, C., M.E. Doyle, and J. Archer. 2010. "White Paper on Non-O157:H7 Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli from Meat and Non-Meat Sources." FRI Food Safety Reviews. UW-Madison.

Keene, W.E., J.M. McAnulty, F.C. Hoesly, L.P. Williams, Jr., K. Hedberg, G.L. Oxman, T.J. Barrett, M.A. Pfaller, and D.W. Fleming. 1994. "A Swimming-Associated Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Colitis Caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella sonnei." The New England Journal of Medicine 331(9):579-584. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199409013310904

Murray, P.R., E.J. Baron, J.H. Jorgensen, M.L. Landry, and M.A. Pfaller. 2007. (Eds.), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 9th ed. Washington: ASM Press.

Paton, J.C., and A.W. Paton. 1998. "Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections." Clinical Microbiology Reviews (11)3:450-479. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.11.3.450

Rounds, J.M., C.E. Rigdon, L.J. Muhl, M. Forstner, G.T. Danzeisen, B.S. Koziol, C. Taylor, B.T. Shaw, G.L. Short, and K.E. Smith. 2012. "Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Associated with Venison." Emerging Infectious Diseases (18)2:279-282. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1802.110855

Tauxe, R.V. 2001. "Food Safety and Irradiation: Protecting the Public from Foodborne Infections." Emerging Infectious Disease 7(7):516-521. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0707.017706

Tuttle, J., T. Gomez, M.P. Doyle, J.G. Wells, T. Zhao, R.V. Tauxe, and P.M. Griffin. 1999. "Lessons from a Large Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections: Insights into the Infectious Dose and Method of Widespread Contamination of Hamburger Patties." Epidemiology and Infection 122:185-192. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268898001976

Tarr, P.I. 1995. "Escherichia coli O157:H7: Clinical, Diagnostic, and Epidemiological Aspects of Human Infection." Clinical Infectious Diseases 20(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.1.1

US Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2012. "USDA Targeting Six Additional Strains of E. coli in Raw Beef Trim Starting Monday." Food Safety and Inspection Service. Accessed October 24, 2017. https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2012/05/31/usda-targeting-six-additional-strains-ecoli-raw-beef-trim-starting.

US Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2017. "Recalls and Public Health Alerts." Accessed October 24, 2017. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/recalls-and-public-health-alerts.

Vogel, G. 2011. "Egyptian Fenugreek Seeds Blamed for Deadly E. coli Outbreak

European Authorities Issue Recall." Science, July 2011. Accessed June 8, 2017. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/07/egyptian-fenugreek-seeds-blamed-deadly-e-coli-outbreak-european-authorities-issue.

World Health Organization (WHO). 2017. "E. coli." Accessed October 23, 2017. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs125/en/

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license.