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Abstract
Reproductive efficiency is a key determinant of dairy cow profitability. A considerable portion of dairy producers in the United States still use NS in at least part of their breeding program. This 3-page fact sheet presents the results of papers that compared the reproductive performance and profitability of dairy cows submitted to natural service or a combination of timed AI and natural service. Written by Klibs N. Galvão, Eduardo S. Ribeiro, and Jose Eduardo P. Santos, and published by the UF Department of Veterinary Medicine-Large Animal Clinical Sciences, June 2014.
References
De Vries A, Steenholdt C, and Risco CA. 2005. "Pregnancy rates and milk production in natural service and artificially inseminated dairy herds in Florida and Georgia." J Dairy Sci 88: 948-956. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72762-4
De Vries A. 2011. "Economics of reproductive performance." In: Dairy Production Medicine, 1st Ed., editors Carlos A. Risco and Pedro Melendez, Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470960554.ch12
Galvão KN, Federico P, De Vries A, and Schuenemann GM. 2013. "Economic comparison of reproductive programs for dairy herds using estrus detection, Ovsynch, or a combination of both." J Dairy Sci 96: 2681-2693. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5982
Lima FS, Risco CA, Thatcher MJ, Benzaquen ME, Archbald LF, Santos JEP, and Thatcher WW. 2009. "Comparison of reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows bred by natural service or timed artificial insemination." J Dairy Sci 92: 5456-5466. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2197
Lima FS, De Vries A, Risco CA, Santos JEP, and Thatcher WW. 2010. "Economic comparison of natural service and timed artificial insemination breeding programs in dairy cattle." J Dairy Sci 93: 4404-4413. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2789
Lima FS, Bisinotto RS, Ribeiro ES, Ayres H, Greco LF, Galvão KN, Risco CA, Thatcher WW, Santos JEP. 2012. "Effect of one or three timed artificial inseminations before natural service on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows not observed for detection of estrus." Theriogenology 1918-1927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.01.011
NAHMS. 2009. Dairy 2007, Part IV: Reference of Dairy Cattle Health and Management Practices in the United States, 2007. #N494.0209. Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA: APHIS: VS, Fort Collins, CO.
Overton MW and Sischo WM. 2005. "Comparison of reproductive performance by artificial insemination versus natural service sires in California dairies." Theriogenology 64: 603-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.030