Abstract
Livestock wastes can be important sources of nutrients for crops, but manure must be managed properly to prevent loss of nutrients to the environment in air or ground and/or surface water. Stabilization of manure is important prior to successfully recycling the organic material back to arable lands. Methods for stabilizing livestock wastes include composting, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, lime stabilization, and heat drying. The stabilization process reduces the organic matter and water contents, unpleasant odors, concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms, and weed seeds. Anaerobic digestion (AD), which is the topic of this fact sheet, also results in the production of renewable energy in the form of methane-rich biogas. This 10-page fact sheet informs farmers and Extension agents about types of anaerobic digester systems used in the United States with various manure-handling systems. It points out digester systems currently being used in Florida and the benefits of managing livestock manure with a digester system. Written by Rishi Prasad, George Hochmuth, and Ann C. Wilkie, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, March 2014.
SL402/SS615: Anaerobic Digesters for Manure Management at Livestock Operations (ufl.edu)
References
Field, J. A., J. S. Caldwell, S. Jeyanayagam, R. B. Reneau, W. Kroontje, and E. R. Collins.1984. Fertilizer recovery from anaerobic digesters. Trans. ASAE. 27: 1871-1876. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.33060
Hamilton, D. 2012.Types of anaerobic digesters. Available at http://www.extension.org/pages/30307/types-of-anaerobic-digesters.
Larsen, K. E. 1986. Fertilizer value of anaerobic treated cattle and pig slurry to barley and beet. In: Kofoed, A.D., J.H. Williams, and P. L'Hermite (Eds.), Efficient land use of sludge and manure. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London, pp. 56-60.
Plaixats, J., J. Barcelo, and J. Garcia-Moreno. 1988. Characterization of the effluent residue from anaerobic digestion of pig excreta for its utilization as fertilizer. Agrochemica 32: 236-239.
Prasad, R., G. Hochmuth, R. Mylavarapu, and M. C. Giurcanu. 2014. In situ nitrogen release dynamics of effluents of anaerobic digestion of beef- cattle manure in sandy soil. (manuscript in preparation for Bioresource Technol.)
Penn State Extension. 2014. An introduction to anaerobic digesters. Available at http://extension.psu.edu/natural-resources/energy/waste-to-energy/resources/biogas/basics-of-anaerobic-digestion.
Smith, W. H., A. C. Wilkie, and P. H. Smith. 1992. Methane from biomass and waste - a program review. TIDE (Teri Information Digest on Energy), 2(1):1-20.
Topper P. A., R. E. Graves, and T. Richard. 2006. The fate of nutrients and pathogens during anaerobic digestion of dairy manure (G-71). Penn State Extension. Available at http://extension.psu.edu/natural-resources/energy/waste-to-energy/resources/biogas/projects/g-71
United States Energy Information Administration (USEIA). 2013. Residential Energy Consumption Survey Data, Table CE2.1 Household Site Fuel Consumption in the U.S., Totals and Averages, 2009. Available at http://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2009/index.cfm?view=consumption
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA-AgSTAR). 2014a. Operating Anaerobic Digester Projects. Available at http://epa.gov/agstar/projects/
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA-AgSTAR). 2014b. 2013 Use and Benefits of AD in the Livestock Sector. Available at http://www.epa.gov/agstar/documents/2013usebenefits.pdf
Wilkie, A. C. 2005. Anaerobic digestion: biology and benefits. In: Dairy Manure Management: Treatment, Handling, and Community Relations. NRAES-176, Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, pp. 63-72. http://biogas.ifas.ufl.edu/Publs/NRAES176-p63-72-Mar2005.pdf
Wilkie, A. C. 2008. Biomethane from Biomass, Biowaste, and Biofuels. In: Bioenergy, Wall, J. D., C. S. Hardwood, and A. Demain (Eds.), American Society fo Microbiology Press, Washington, DC, pp. 195-205. http://biogas.ifas.ufl.edu/Publs/Bioenergy_CH16_ASM_Press_2008.pdf https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555815547.ch16
WRAP. 2011. New Markets for digestate from anaerobic digestion. Available at http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/New_Markets_for_AD_WRAP_format_Final_v2.c6779ccd.11341.pdf