Keywords
Categories
How to Cite
Abstract
A bacterium called “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” infects potatoes and tomatoes, causing zebra chip in potatoes and psyllid yellows in tomatoes. These diseases are highly destructive and have been known to reduce yields by up to 85%. “Ca. L. solanacearum” has been reported in several states, though it has not been detected in Florida, which is the second largest producer of tomatoes and seventh largest producer of potatoes in the US. This 9-page fact sheet covers the biology, distribution, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, and management of the pathogen and its associated diseases. Written by Binoy Babu, Mathews L. Paret, Nicholas Dufault, and Carrie L. Harmon, and published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, August 2015.
References
Abad, J. A., M. Bandla, R. D. French-Monar, L. W. Liefting, and G. R. G, Clover. 2009. "First Report of the Detection of 'Candidatus Liberibacter' Species in Zebra Chip Disease-infected Potato Plants in the United States." Plant Disease 93: 108. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-1-0108C
Abdullah, N. M. M. 2008. "Life History of the Potato Psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in Controlled Environment Agriculture in Arizona." African Journal of Agricultural Research 3: 60-67.
Alfaro-Fernández, A., M. C. Cebrián, F. J. Villaescusa, A. Hermoso de Mendoza, J. C. Ferrándiz, S. Sanjuán, and M. I. Font. 2012a. First Report of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' in Carrot in Mainland Spain. Plant Disease 96: 582. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-11-0918-PDN
Alfaro-Fernández, A., F. Siverio, M. C. Cebrián, F. J. Villaescusa, and M. I. Font. 2012b. "'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' Associated with Bactericera trigonica-affected Carrots in the Canary Islands." Plant Disease 96: 581. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-11-0878-PDN
Al-Jabar, A. M., and W. S. Cranshaw. 2007. "Trapping Tomato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in Greenhouses." Southwestern Entomologist 32: 25-30. https://doi.org/10.3958/0147-1724-32.1.25
Australian Department of Agriculture. 2011. "Diagnostic Protocol for the Identification and Detection of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, the Causal Agent of Zebra Chip of Potatoes." Accessed June 07, 2015. http://plantbiosecuritydiagnostics.net.au/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/NDP-18-Zebra-chip-Candidatus-Liberibacter-solanacearum-V1.1.pdf
Brown, J. K., M. Rehman, D. Rogan, R. R. Martin, and A. M. Idris. 2010. "First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter psylaurous" (syn. "Ca. L. solanacearum") Associated with the 'Tomato Vein Greening' and 'Tomato Psyllid Yellows' Diseases in Commercial Greenhouse in Arizona." Plant Disease 94: 376. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-3-0376B
Buchman, J. L., V. Sengoda, and J. E. Munyaneza. 2011. "Vector Transmission Efficiency of Liberibacter by Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Zebra Chip Potato Disease: Effects of Psyllid Life Stage and Inoculation Access Period." Journal of Economic Entomology 104: 1486-1495. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11123
Butler, C. D., and J. T. Trumble. 2012. "The Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae): Life History, Relationship to Plant Diseases, and Management Strategies." Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 5: 87-111.
https://doi.org/10.1163/187498312X634266
Butler, C. D., F. R. Byrne, M. L. Keremane, R. F. Lee, and J. T. Trumble. 2011. "Effects of Insecticides on Behavior of Adult Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and Transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous." Journal of Economic Entomology 104: 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC10285
Butler, C. D., G. P. Walker, and J. T. Trumble. 2012. "Feeding Disruption of Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cokerelli, by Iimidacloprid as Measured by Electrical Penetration Graphs." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 142: 247-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2012.01219.x
Bynum, E., D. C. Henne, and C. M. Rush. 2010. "Evaluation of Spray Applications for Potato Psyllid and ZC Management." In Proceedings of the 10 Annual Zebra Chip Reporting Session, edited by F. Workneh and C. M. Rush, 88-92.
Crosslin, J. M., and G. Bester. 2009. "First Report of Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous in Zebra Chip Symptomatic Potatoes from California." Plant Disease 93: 551. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-5-0551B
Crosslin, J. M., and J. E. Munyaneza. 2009. "Evidence that the Zebra Chip Disease and the Putative Causal Agent can be Maintained in Potatoes by Grafting and in vitro." American Journal of Potato Research 86: 183-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-009-9070-6
Crosslin, J. M., P. B. Hamm, J. E. Eggers, S. I. Rondon, V. G. Sengoda, J. E. Munyaneza. 2012. "First Report of Zebra Chip Disease and "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" on Potatoes in Oregon and Washington State." Plant Disease 96: 452. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-11-0894
Crosslin, J. M., N. Olsen, and P. Nolte. 2012. "First Report of Zebra Chip Disease and "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" on Potatoes in Idaho." Plant Disease 96: 453. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-11-0853
Halbert, S. E., and J. E. Munyaneza. 2012. "Potato Psyllids and Associated Pathogens: a Diagnostic Aid." Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL. Accessed June 07, 2015. http://www.fsca-dpi.org/Homoptera_Hemiptera/Potato_psyllids_and_associated_pathogens.pdf
Halbert, S., and W.N. Dixon. 2014. "Potato Psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) a Pest of Solanceae and Vector of Plant Pathogens Established in the Western USA." Pest Alert: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Service, Department of Plant Industry. Accessed June 07, 2015. http://www.freshfromflorida.com/Divisions-Offices/Plant-Industry/Plant-Industry-Publications/Pest-Alerts/Potato-Psyllid-Bactericera-cockerelli-Hemiptera-Psyllidae.
Hansen, A. K., J. T. Trumble, R. Stouthamer, T. D. Paine. 2008. "A New Huanglongbing Species, 'Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous' Found to Infect Tomato and Potato, is Vectored by the Psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74: 5862-5865. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01268-08
Godfrey, L. D., and D. R. Haviland. 2008. Potato Psyllid. UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Potato. Accessed June 07, 2015. http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r607300811.html#LINKS.
Liefting, L. W., Z. C. Perez-Egusquiza, G. R. G. Clover, and J. A. D. Anderson. 2008a. "A New 'Candidatus Liberibacter' Species in Solanum tuberosum in New Zealand." Plant Disease 92: 1474. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-92-10-1474A
Liefting, L. W., L. I. Ward, J. B. Shiller, and G. R. G. Clover. 2008b. "A New 'Candidatus Liberibacter' Species in Solanum betaceum (Tamarillo) and Physalis peruviana (Cape Gooseberry) in New Zealand." Plant Disease 92: 1588. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-92-11-1588B
Liefting, L. W., P. W. Sutherland, L. I. Ward, K. L. Paice, B. S. Weir, and G. R. G. Clover. 2009. "A New 'Candidatus Liberibacter' Species Associated with Diseases of Solanaceous crops." Plant Disease 93: 208-214. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-3-0208
Li, W., J. A. Abad, R. D. French-Monar, J. Rascoe, A. Wen, N. C. Gudmestad, G. A. Secor, I. M. Lee, Y. Duan, and L. Levy. 2009. "Multiplex Real-time PCR for Detection, Identification and Quantification of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" in Potato Plants with Zebra Chip." Journal of Microbiological Methods 78: 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2009.04.009
McKenzie, C. L., and Shatters, R. G. 2009. "First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous" Associated with Psyllid Yellows of Tomato in Colorado." Plant Disease 93: 1074. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-10-1074A
Munyaneza, J. E., J. M. Crosslin, and J. E. Upton. 2007. "Association of Bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera: Psyllidae) with "Zebra Chip", a New Potato Disease in Southwestern United States and Mexico." Journal of Economic Entomology 100: 656-663. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[656:AOBCHP]2.0.CO;2
Munyaneza, J. E., J. L. Buchman, and J. M. Crosslin. 2009. "Seasonal Occurrence and Abundance of the Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, in South Central Washington." American Journal for Potato Research 86: 513-518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-009-9108-9
Munyaneza, J. E., V. G. Sengoda, J. M. Crosslin, J. A. Garzon-Tiznado, and O. G. Cardenas-Valenzuela. 2009. "First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter in Pepper Plants in Mexico." Plant Disease 93: 1076. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-10-1076B
Munyaneza, J. E., T. W. Fisher, V. G. Sengoda, S. F. Garczynski, A. Nissinen, and L. Lemmetty. 2010. "First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" in Psyllid-Affected Carrots in Europe." Plant Disease 94: 639. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0639A
Munyaneza, J. E. 2012. "Zebra Chip Disease of Potato: Biology, Epidemiology, and Management." American Journal of Potato Research. 89: 329-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-012-9262-3
Munyaneza, J. E., V. G. Sengoda, J. L. Buchman, and T. W. Fisher. 2012. "Effects of Temperature on 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' and Zebra Chip Potato Disease Symptom Development." Plant Disease 96: 18-23. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-11-0185
Rehman, M., J. Melgar, C. Rivera, N. Urbina, A. M. Idris, and J. K. Brown. 2010. "First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous" or "Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum" Associated with Severe Foliar Chlorosis, Curling, and Necrosis and Tuber Discoloration of Potato Plants in Honduras." Plant Disease 94: 376. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-3-0376C
Secor, G. A., V. Rivera-Varas, J. A. Abad, I. M. Lee, G. R. G. Clover, L. W. Liefting, X. Li, and S. H. De Boer. 2009. "Association of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' with Zebra Chip Disease of Potato Established by Graft and Psyllid Transmission, Electron Microscopy, and PCR." Plant Disease 93: 574-583. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-6-0574
Trumble, J. 2009. "Potato Psyllid." Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California Riverside. Accessed June 07, 2015. http://cisr.ucr.edu/potato_psyllid.html
Wallis, R. L. 1955. "Ecological Studies on the Potato Psyllid as a Pest of Potatoes." USDA Technical Bulletin 1107.
Watson, C. 2009. "Industry Perspectives and Observations: Tamarillo Growers." Solanaceous Crops - Psyllids & Liberibacter Proceedings of the Workshop held 16 March 2009, Christchurch, New Zealand 7 World Potato Congress 50 -53.
Wen, A., I. Mallik, V. Y. Alvarado, J. S. Pasche, X. Wang, W. Li, L. Levy, H. Lin, H. B. Scholthof, T. E. Mirkov, C. R. Rush, N. C. Gudmestad. 2009. "Detection, Distribution, and Genetic Variability of 'Candidatus Liberibacter' Species Associated with Zebra Complex Disease of Potato in North America." Plant Disease 93: 1102-1115. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1102
Yang, X. B., Y. M. Zhang, L. Hua, and T. X. Liu. 2010. "Life History and Life Tables of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Potato Under Laboratory and Field Conditions in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas." Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 1729-1734. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC10083
Zens, B., C. M. Rush, D. C. Henne, F. Workneh, E. Bynum, C. Nansen, and N. C. Gudmestad. 2010. "Efficacy of Seven Chemical Programs to Control Potato Psyllids in the Texas Panhandle." In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Zebra Chip reporting Session, edit by F. Workneh and C. M. Rush, 83-87.