Keywords
Contaminants in the Urban Environment series
SS648
SS648
How to Cite
Rodriguez-Jorquera, Ignacio, Yun-Ya Yang, and Gurpal S. Toor. 2016. “Contaminants in the Urban Environment: Bisphenol-A: SL434/SS648, 11/2015”. EDIS 2016 (1). Gainesville, FL:7. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-ss648-2015.
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a man-made chemical widely used as a component in many products of daily use in households, such as plastic bottles and metallic canned foods. BPA can leach from bottles and cans into the environment, increasing our exposure to BPA. BPA is known to harm exposed animals in laboratory settings as well as in the wild, although its potential to harm humans remains controversial. This 7-page fact sheet will discuss the occurrence, use, and potential harmful effects of BPA and will suggest ways to reduce human and environmental exposure to BPA. Written by Ignacio A. Rodriquez-Jorquera, Yun Ya Yang, and Gurpal S. Toor, and published by the Soil and Water Science Department, November 2015.
References
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Beronius, A., C. Rudén, H. Håkansson, and A. Hanberg. 2010. "Risk to all or none?: A comparative analysis of controversies in the health risk assessment of Bisphenol A". Reproductive Toxicology. 29: 132-146 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.11.007
Bienkowski, B. 2014. "BPA in the Air: Manufacturing Plants in Ohio, Indiana, Texas Are Top Emitters" Environmental Health News Accessed July 13, 2015. http://www.commondreams.org/news/2014/10/14/bpa-air-manufacturing-plants-ohio-indiana-texas-are-top-emitters
Bromer, J. G., Y. Zhou, M.B. Taylor, L. Doherty, and H.S. Taylor. 2010. "Bisphenol-A exposure in utero leads to epigenetic alterations in the developmental programming of uterine estrogen response." The FASEB Journal. 24: 2273-2280. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.09-140533
Calafat, A.M., X.F. Ye, X. Fau, L.Wong, J.A. Reidy, and L.L. Needham. 2008. "Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004." Environmental Health Perspective. 116: 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10753
Clarke, B. O. and S.R. Smith. 2011. "Review of 'emerging' organic contaminants in biosolids and assessment of international research priorities for the agricultural use of biosolids." Environment International 37: 226-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.06.004
Dodds, E.D. and W. Lawson. 1936. Synthetic Estrogenic Agents without the Phenanthrene Nucleus. Nature 137, 996 https://doi.org/10.1038/137996a0
European Commission, editor. "Technical guidance documents in support of the Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and the Commission Regulation (EC) 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances". Brussels.
FDA. 2014. "Questions & Answers on Bisphenol A (BPA) Use in Food Contact Applications." U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm355155.htm
Fernández, M., M. Bianchi, V. Lux-Lantos, and C. Libertun. 2009. "Neonatal exposure to bisphenol a alters reproductive parameters and gonadotropin releasing hormone signaling in female rats". Environmenatl Health Perspectives. 117: 757-762. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800267
Flint, S., T. Markle, S. Thompson, and E. Wallace. 2012. "Bisphenol A exposure, effects, and policy: A wildlife perspective." Journal of Environmental Management 104: 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.021
Fu, P. Q. and K. Kawamura. 2010. "Ubiquity of bisphenol A in the atmosphere." Environmental Pollution 158: 3138-3143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.040
Geens, T., D. Aerts, C. Berthot, J.P. Bourguignon, L. Goeyens, P. Lecomte, and A. Covaci. 2012. "A review of dietary and non-dietary exposure to bisphenol-A." Food and Chemical Toxicology. 50: 3725-3740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.059
Huang, Y. Q., C.K.C Wong, J.S. Zheng, H. Bouwman, R. Barra, B. Wahlstrom, L. Neretin, and M.H. Wong. 2012. "Bisphenol A (BPA) in China: A review of sources, environmental levels, and potential human health impacts." Environment International 42: 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.04.010
Kasper-Sonnenberg, M., J. Wittsiepe, H.M. Koch, H. Fromme, and M. Wilhelm. (2012). "Determination of bisphenol A in urine from mother-child pairs-Results from the Duisburg birth cohort study, Germany." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 75: 429-437. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2012.674907
Keri, R. A., S.M. Ho, P.A. Hunt, K.E. Knudsen, A.M. Soto, and G.S. Prins. 2007. "An evaluation of evidence for the carcinogenic activity of bisphenol A." Reproductive Toxicology. 24: 240-252 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.06.008
Le, H.H., E.M. Carlson, J.P. Chua, and S.M. Belcher. 2008. "Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons." Toxicology Letters 176:149-156 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.11.001
Li, D. K., Z. Zhou, M. Miao, Y. He, D. Qing, T.Wu, and W. Yuan. 2010. "Relationship Between Urine Bisphenol-A Level and Declining Male Sexual Function." Journal of andrology, 31(5), 500-506. https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.110.010413
Li, X., G.G. Ying, H.C. Su, X.B. Yang, and L.Wang. 2010. "Simultaneous determination and assessment of 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A and triclosan in tap water, bottled water and baby bottles." Environment International 36: 557-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.04.009
Loganathan, S. N. and K. Kannan. 2011. "Occurrence of bisphenol A in indoor dust from two locations in the eastern United States and implications for human exposures." Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 61: 68-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-010-9634-y
Newbold, R. R., W.N. Jefferson, and E. Padilla-Banks. 2007. "Long-term adverse effects of neonatal exposure to bisphenol A on the murine female reproductive tract." Reproductive Toxicology, 24(2), 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.006
Prins, G. S., W.Y. Tang, J. Belmonte, and S.M. Ho. 2008. "Developmental exposure to bisphenol A increases prostate cancer susceptibility in adult rats: epigenetic mode of action is implicated." Fertility and Sterility. 89(2 Suppl), e41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.023
Pupo M, and M. Maggiolini. 2014. "Bisphenol-A: A Powerful Endocrine Disrupting Chemical." J Biofertil Biopestici 5:e124. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6202.1000e124
Rubin, B. S. 2011. Bisphenol A: an endocrine disruptor with widespread exposure and multiple effects. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 127(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.05.002
Saili, K. S., M.M. Corvi, D.N. Weber, A.U. Patel, S.R. Das, J. Przybyla, and R.L. Tanguay. (2012). Neurodevelopmental low-dose bisphenol A exposure leads to early life-stage hyperactivity and learning deficits in adult zebrafish." Toxicology, 291(1), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.001
Santhi, V. A., N. Sakai, E.D. Ahmad, and A.M. Mustafa. 2012. "Occurrence of bisphenol A in surface water, drinking water and plasma from Malaysia with exposure assessment from consumption of drinking water." Science of the Total Environment 427: 332-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.041
United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 2010. "Bisphenol-A (BPA) Action Plan (CASRN 80-05-7)." Accessed December 04 2015. http://www2.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/bisphenol-bpa-action-plan
Vandenberg, L. N., R. Hauser, M.Marcus, N. Olea, and W.V. Welshons. 2007. "Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA)." Reproductive toxicology, 24(2), 139-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.010
Vandenberg, L.N., M.F. Maffini, C. Sonnenschein, B.S. Rubin, A.M. Soto. 2009. "Bisphenol-A and the great divide: A review of controversies in the field of endocrine disruption." Endocrine Review. 30:75-95 https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2008-0021
Völkel, W., T. Colnot, G.A. Csanády, J.G. Filser, and W. Dekant. 2002. "Metabolism and kinetics of bisphenol A in humans at low doses following oral administration." Chemical research in toxicology, 15(10), 1281-1287. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx025548t
vom Saal, F.S., B.T. Akingbemi, S.M. Belcher, L.S. Birnbaum, D.A. Crain, M. Eriksen, F. Farabollini, et al. 2007. "Chapel Hill Bisphenol A expert panel consensus statement: Integration of mechanisms, effects in animals and potential to impact human health at current levels of exposure." Reproductive Toxicology 24:131-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.005
Yang, C. Z., S.I. Yaniger, V.C. Jordan, D.J. Klein, and G.D. Bittner. 2011. "Most plastic products release estrogenic chemicals: a potential health problem that can be solved." Environmental Health Perspectives. 7:989-996. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1003220
Ye, Z., Kuklenyik, J. Needham, and A.M. Calafat. 2006. "Measuring environmental phenols and chlorinated organic chemicals in breast milk using automated on-line column-switching-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography. 831: 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.11.050
Beronius, A., C. Rudén, H. Håkansson, and A. Hanberg. 2010. "Risk to all or none?: A comparative analysis of controversies in the health risk assessment of Bisphenol A". Reproductive Toxicology. 29: 132-146 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.11.007
Bienkowski, B. 2014. "BPA in the Air: Manufacturing Plants in Ohio, Indiana, Texas Are Top Emitters" Environmental Health News Accessed July 13, 2015. http://www.commondreams.org/news/2014/10/14/bpa-air-manufacturing-plants-ohio-indiana-texas-are-top-emitters
Bromer, J. G., Y. Zhou, M.B. Taylor, L. Doherty, and H.S. Taylor. 2010. "Bisphenol-A exposure in utero leads to epigenetic alterations in the developmental programming of uterine estrogen response." The FASEB Journal. 24: 2273-2280. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.09-140533
Calafat, A.M., X.F. Ye, X. Fau, L.Wong, J.A. Reidy, and L.L. Needham. 2008. "Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004." Environmental Health Perspective. 116: 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10753
Clarke, B. O. and S.R. Smith. 2011. "Review of 'emerging' organic contaminants in biosolids and assessment of international research priorities for the agricultural use of biosolids." Environment International 37: 226-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.06.004
Dodds, E.D. and W. Lawson. 1936. Synthetic Estrogenic Agents without the Phenanthrene Nucleus. Nature 137, 996 https://doi.org/10.1038/137996a0
European Commission, editor. "Technical guidance documents in support of the Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and the Commission Regulation (EC) 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances". Brussels.
FDA. 2014. "Questions & Answers on Bisphenol A (BPA) Use in Food Contact Applications." U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm355155.htm
Fernández, M., M. Bianchi, V. Lux-Lantos, and C. Libertun. 2009. "Neonatal exposure to bisphenol a alters reproductive parameters and gonadotropin releasing hormone signaling in female rats". Environmenatl Health Perspectives. 117: 757-762. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800267
Flint, S., T. Markle, S. Thompson, and E. Wallace. 2012. "Bisphenol A exposure, effects, and policy: A wildlife perspective." Journal of Environmental Management 104: 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.021
Fu, P. Q. and K. Kawamura. 2010. "Ubiquity of bisphenol A in the atmosphere." Environmental Pollution 158: 3138-3143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.040
Geens, T., D. Aerts, C. Berthot, J.P. Bourguignon, L. Goeyens, P. Lecomte, and A. Covaci. 2012. "A review of dietary and non-dietary exposure to bisphenol-A." Food and Chemical Toxicology. 50: 3725-3740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.059
Huang, Y. Q., C.K.C Wong, J.S. Zheng, H. Bouwman, R. Barra, B. Wahlstrom, L. Neretin, and M.H. Wong. 2012. "Bisphenol A (BPA) in China: A review of sources, environmental levels, and potential human health impacts." Environment International 42: 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.04.010
Kasper-Sonnenberg, M., J. Wittsiepe, H.M. Koch, H. Fromme, and M. Wilhelm. (2012). "Determination of bisphenol A in urine from mother-child pairs-Results from the Duisburg birth cohort study, Germany." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 75: 429-437. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2012.674907
Keri, R. A., S.M. Ho, P.A. Hunt, K.E. Knudsen, A.M. Soto, and G.S. Prins. 2007. "An evaluation of evidence for the carcinogenic activity of bisphenol A." Reproductive Toxicology. 24: 240-252 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.06.008
Le, H.H., E.M. Carlson, J.P. Chua, and S.M. Belcher. 2008. "Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons." Toxicology Letters 176:149-156 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.11.001
Li, D. K., Z. Zhou, M. Miao, Y. He, D. Qing, T.Wu, and W. Yuan. 2010. "Relationship Between Urine Bisphenol-A Level and Declining Male Sexual Function." Journal of andrology, 31(5), 500-506. https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.110.010413
Li, X., G.G. Ying, H.C. Su, X.B. Yang, and L.Wang. 2010. "Simultaneous determination and assessment of 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A and triclosan in tap water, bottled water and baby bottles." Environment International 36: 557-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.04.009
Loganathan, S. N. and K. Kannan. 2011. "Occurrence of bisphenol A in indoor dust from two locations in the eastern United States and implications for human exposures." Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 61: 68-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-010-9634-y
Newbold, R. R., W.N. Jefferson, and E. Padilla-Banks. 2007. "Long-term adverse effects of neonatal exposure to bisphenol A on the murine female reproductive tract." Reproductive Toxicology, 24(2), 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.006
Prins, G. S., W.Y. Tang, J. Belmonte, and S.M. Ho. 2008. "Developmental exposure to bisphenol A increases prostate cancer susceptibility in adult rats: epigenetic mode of action is implicated." Fertility and Sterility. 89(2 Suppl), e41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.023
Pupo M, and M. Maggiolini. 2014. "Bisphenol-A: A Powerful Endocrine Disrupting Chemical." J Biofertil Biopestici 5:e124. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6202.1000e124
Rubin, B. S. 2011. Bisphenol A: an endocrine disruptor with widespread exposure and multiple effects. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 127(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.05.002
Saili, K. S., M.M. Corvi, D.N. Weber, A.U. Patel, S.R. Das, J. Przybyla, and R.L. Tanguay. (2012). Neurodevelopmental low-dose bisphenol A exposure leads to early life-stage hyperactivity and learning deficits in adult zebrafish." Toxicology, 291(1), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.001
Santhi, V. A., N. Sakai, E.D. Ahmad, and A.M. Mustafa. 2012. "Occurrence of bisphenol A in surface water, drinking water and plasma from Malaysia with exposure assessment from consumption of drinking water." Science of the Total Environment 427: 332-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.041
United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 2010. "Bisphenol-A (BPA) Action Plan (CASRN 80-05-7)." Accessed December 04 2015. http://www2.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/bisphenol-bpa-action-plan
Vandenberg, L. N., R. Hauser, M.Marcus, N. Olea, and W.V. Welshons. 2007. "Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA)." Reproductive toxicology, 24(2), 139-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.010
Vandenberg, L.N., M.F. Maffini, C. Sonnenschein, B.S. Rubin, A.M. Soto. 2009. "Bisphenol-A and the great divide: A review of controversies in the field of endocrine disruption." Endocrine Review. 30:75-95 https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2008-0021
Völkel, W., T. Colnot, G.A. Csanády, J.G. Filser, and W. Dekant. 2002. "Metabolism and kinetics of bisphenol A in humans at low doses following oral administration." Chemical research in toxicology, 15(10), 1281-1287. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx025548t
vom Saal, F.S., B.T. Akingbemi, S.M. Belcher, L.S. Birnbaum, D.A. Crain, M. Eriksen, F. Farabollini, et al. 2007. "Chapel Hill Bisphenol A expert panel consensus statement: Integration of mechanisms, effects in animals and potential to impact human health at current levels of exposure." Reproductive Toxicology 24:131-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.005
Yang, C. Z., S.I. Yaniger, V.C. Jordan, D.J. Klein, and G.D. Bittner. 2011. "Most plastic products release estrogenic chemicals: a potential health problem that can be solved." Environmental Health Perspectives. 7:989-996. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1003220
Ye, Z., Kuklenyik, J. Needham, and A.M. Calafat. 2006. "Measuring environmental phenols and chlorinated organic chemicals in breast milk using automated on-line column-switching-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography. 831: 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.11.050