Classical Biological Control of Tropical Soda Apple with Gratiana boliviana
A woman releasing Gratiana boliviana adults on a tropical soda apple plant.
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How to Cite

Diaz, Rodrigo, Julio Medal, Kenneth Hibbard, Amy Roda, A. Fox, S. Hight, Philip Stansly, Brent Sellers, James Cuda, and William A. Overholt. 2013. “Classical Biological Control of Tropical Soda Apple With Gratiana Boliviana: ENY865/IN971, 11/2012”. EDIS 2013 (1). Gainesville, FL. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in971-2012.

Abstract

Tropical soda apple is a prickly shrub native to South America. First reported in Glades Co., Florida in 1988, it later spread to Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina. It is a major problem in pastures and conservation areas. Negative impacts of tropical soda apple include reduction of cattle stocking rates, competition with native plants, and the costs associated with its control. Dense thickets of the weed also can disrupt the movement of wildlife. This 4-page fact sheet provides a summary of the major steps of the successful biological control program against tropical soda apple in Florida. The article covers the importance of the weed, identification and biology of the biological control agent, rearing and release efforts, establishment and impact, and efforts to communicate the outcomes of the program to stakeholders. Written by R. Diaz, J. Medal, K. Hibbard, A. Roda, A. Fox, S. Hight, P. Stansly, B. Sellers, J. Cuda and W. A. Overholt, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, November 2012.

http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in971

https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in971-2012
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PDF-2012

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license.