A Summary of N, P, and K Research with Tomato in Florida
A tomato plant.
view on EDIS
PDF-2011

Keywords

CV236

How to Cite

Hochmuth, George, and Ed Hanlon. 2011. “A Summary of N, P, and K Research With Tomato in Florida: SL355 CV236, Rev. 8 2011”. EDIS 2011 (10). Gainesville, FL. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-cv236-2011.

Abstract

More than 60 years’ worth of tomato fertilization research has been conducted in Florida. During this time, many changes have occurred in tomato production practices, including changes in cultivars and the introduction of new cultural systems, such as polyethylene mulch and drip irrigation. The research reported here covers tomato production with polyethylene mulch. Tomato crop and fertilizer management recommendations, such as plant and row spacing, have changed over time following new developments in research. This revised 38-page fact sheet summarizes tomato fertilization research leading to current University of Florida recommendations and summarizes needs for additional research. Written by George Hochmuth and Ed Hanlon and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, August 2011. (UF/IFAS Photo by Tyler Jones)

SL355/CV236: A Summary of N, P, and K Research with Tomato in Florida (ufl.edu)

https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-cv236-2011
view on EDIS
PDF-2011

References

Andersen, P.C., F.M. Rhoads, S.M. Olson, and B.V. Brodbeck. 1999. "Relationships of Nitrogenous Compounds in Petiole Sap of Tomato to Nitrogen Fertilization and the Value of These Compounds as a Predictor of Yield." Hort. Science 254:254-8. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.34.2.254

Black, C.A. 1992. Soil Fertility Evaluation and Control. Boca Raton, FL; Lewis Publishers.

Brown, J.R. 1987 Soil Testing: Sampling, Correlation, Calibration, and Interpretation. Soil Science Society of Amer. Special Publ. No. 21. Madison, Wisc.: Soil Science Society of America, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub21

Carranza, J.F., S.K. O'Hair, H. Bryan, G. Hochmuth, and E.A. Hanlon. 1996. "Nitrogen and Potassium Fertigation and Cultivar Effects on Tomato Yield and Graywall in Dade County." Proc. Fla. Tomato Inst. Univ. Fla. Coop. Ext. Circ. Pro 108:35-9.

Carranza, J.F., S.K. O'Hair, H. Bryan, G. Hochmuth, and E.A. Hanlon. 1997. "Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertigation on Tomato Yield and Graywall in Dade County." Proc. Fla. Tomato Inst. Univ. Fla. Coop. Ext.Circ. Pro 108: 53-5.

Carrijo, O.A., and G. Hochmuth. 2000. "Tomato Responses to Pre-plant Incorporated or Fertigated Phosphorus on Soils Varying in Mehlich-1 Extractable Phosphorus." HortScience 35:67-72. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.35.1.67

Clark, G.A., G.J. Hochmuth, E.A. Hanlon, C.D. Stanley, D.N. Maynard, and D.Z. Haman. 1989. Water and Fertilizer Management of Micro-irrigated Tomato Production on Sandy Soils in Southwest Florida. Southwest Fla. Water Management Dist. Final Report.

Clark, G.A., G.J. Hochmuth, E.A. Hanlon, C.D. Stanley, D.N. Maynard, and D.Z. Haman. 1991. "Water and Fertilizer Management of Microirrigated Fresh Market Tomatoes." Am. Soc. of Agr. Engineers 34(2): 429-35. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.31680

Csizinszky, A.A., J.B. Jones, and C.D. Stanley. 1988. "Effect of N and K rates on Bacterial Spot in Trickle Irrigated Tomatoes ." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 101:353-6.

Csizinszky, A.A., and J.W. Scott. 1985. "Response of Tomato Breeding Line 7060 and 'Horizon' to Nitrogen and Potassium Rates." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 98:240-4.

Csizinszky, A.A., and C.D. Stanley. 1998. "Response of Tomatoes to Microirrigation Rates, Compost Placement and Rates, and N and K sources." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 111:73-7.

Csizinszky, A.A., and J.W. Scott. 2000. "Response of 'Florida 47' Tomato to Microirrigation, and N-rates and Ca-sprays." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 113:242-6.

Dangler, J.M., and S. Locascio. 1990. "Yield of Trickle-irrigated Tomatoes as Affected by Time of N and K Application." J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 115: 585-9. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.115.4.585

Dukes, M.D., L. Zotarelli, and K.T. Morgan. 2010. "Use of Irrigation Technologies for Vegetable Crops in Florida." HortTechnology 20:133-42. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.20.1.133

Everett, P.H. 1971. "Evaluation of Paper and Polyethylene-coated Paper Mulches and Fertilizer Rates for Tomatoes." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc .84: 124-8.

Everett, P.H. 1976." Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Rates on Fruit Yield and Size of Mulch-grown Staked Tomatoes." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 89:159-62.

Everett, P.H. 1978. "Fertilizing Tomatoes or Cucumbers as Second Crops on Plastic Mulched Beds." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 91:317-9.

Fan, X.H., and Y.C. Li. 2009. "Effects of Slow Release Fertilizer on Tomato Growth and Nitrogen Leaching." Comm. In Soil Sci. and Plant Anal. 40: 3452-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620903326016

Florida Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services. 2005. Water Quality/Quantity Best Management Practices for Florida Vegetable and Agronomic Crops. Accessed August 4, 2011. http://www.floridaagwaterpolicy.com/PDF/Bmps/Bmp_VeggieAgroCrops2005.pdf.

Florida Agriculture Statistical Bulletin. 2009. Season Vegetables Highlights. Accessed August 4, 2011. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Florida/Publications/Annual_Statistical_Bulletin/fasb09p.htm.

Funderburk, J.E., P.C. Andersen, and S.M. Olson. 1997. "UV-reflective Mulch and Nitrogen Fertility Effects on Western Flower Thrips and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Tomato." Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. NFREC Research Report: 97-7.

Gazula, A., E. Simonne, M.D. Dukes, G.J. Hochmuth, R. Hochmuth, and D. Studstill. 2006. "Optimization of Drainage Lysimeters Design for Field Determination of Nutrient Loads." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 119:231-3. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.41.3.508D

Hanlon, E.A., and G.J. Hochmuth. 1989. Calculating Fertilizer Rates for Vegetable Crops Grown in Raised-bed Cultural Systems in Florida. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Spec. Series SS-SOS-901. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hanlon, E.A., and G.J. Hochmuth. 1992. "Recent Changes in Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Recommendations for Tomato, Pepper, Muskmelon, Watermelon, and Snapbean in Florida." Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 23 (17-20): 2651-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629209368763

Hartz, T.K., and G.J. Hochmuth. 1996. "Fertility Management of Drip-irrigated Vegetables." HortTechnology 6:168-72. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.6.3.168

Hochmuth, G.J. (ed.). 1988a. Tomato Production Guide for Florida. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ 98C. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J. 1988b. Commercial Vegetable Fertilization Guide. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ 225C. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J. 1992a. "Fertilizer Management for Drip-irrigated Vegetables in Florida." HortTechnology 2 :27-32. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.2.1.27

Hochmuth, G.J. 1992b. "Concepts and Practices for Improving Nitrogen Management for Vegetables." HortTechnology 2(1): 121-5. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.2.1.121

Hochmuth, G.J. 1994a. Plant Petiole Sap-testing Guide for Vegetable Crops. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ. 1144. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J. 1994b. "Sufficiency Ranges for Nitrate-nitrogen and Potassium for Vegetable Petiole Sap Quick Tests." HortTechnology 4:218-22. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.4.3.218

Hochmuth, G.J. 1996a. "Vegetable Fertilization" In Vegetable Production Guide for Florida, edited by G.J. Hochmuth and D. Maynard, 3-17. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ. SP 170. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J. 1996b. Commercial Vegetable Fertilization Guide. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ. 225D. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J. 1997. "Response of Mulched Tomato to Meister Controlled-release Fertilizer." Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. Research Report, Suwannee Valley REC97-8. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J. 1998a. "Response of Tomato to Fertilization with Meister Controlled-release Fertilizers." Research Report, Suwannee Valley REC 98-2. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J. 1998b. "Evaluation of Pursell Controlled-release Polymer-coated Urea for Tomato and Pepper." Research Report, Suwannee Valley REC 98-7. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J. 2000. "Management of Nutrients in Vegetable Production Systems in Florida." Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 59:11-13.

Hochmuth, G.J., O. Carrijo, and K. Shuler. 1999. "Tomato Yield and Fruit Size Did Not Respond to P fertilization of a Sandy Soil Testing Very High in Mehlich-1 P." HortScience 34:653-6. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.34.4.653

Hochmuth, G., and K. Cordasco. 2000 (reviewed in 2008). Summary of N, P, and K Research on Tomato in Florida. HS759. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/cv236.

Hochmuth, G. J., and E. A. Hanlon. 1989. Commercial Vegetable Crop Nutrient Requirements. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circular 806. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J., and E. Hanlon. 1995a. IFAS Standardized Fertilization Recommendations for Vegetable Crops. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ. 1152. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J., and E.A. Hanlon. 1995b.Commercial Vegetable Crop Nutrient Requirements in Florida. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. SP177. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J., and E.A. Hanlon. 2000. IFAS Standardized Fertilization Recommendations for Vegetable Crops. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ. 1152. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J., and E.A. Hanlon. 2009. Calculating Recommended Fertilizer Rates for Vegetable Crops Grown in Raised-bed Mulched Cultural Systems. SL303. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss516. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-ss516-2009

Hochmuth, G.J., and E.A. Hanlon. 2010a. Commercial Vegetable Fertilization Principles. SL319. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/cv009.

Hochmuth, G.J., and E.A. Hanlon. 2010b. Principles of Sound Fertilizer Recommendations. SL315. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-ss527-2010

Hochmuth, G.J., E. Hanlon, P. Gilreath, and K. Shuler. 1989. "Field Evaluations of Nitrogen Fertilization Programs for Subsurface-irrigated Tomatoes." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 102:351-4.

Hochmuth, G.J., E.A. Hanlon, P.R. Gilreath, and K.D. Shuler. 1991a. "Effects of K Rates on Yield of Tomato at Three Commercial Production Sites." Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 50:169-72.

Hochmuth, G.J., E. Hanlon, B. Hochmuth, G. Kidder, and D. Hensel. 1993. "Field Fertility Research with P and K for Vegetables - Interpretations and Recommendations." Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 52:95-101.

Hochmuth, G.J., and T.K. Hartz. 1996. "Fertility Management of Drip-irrigated Vegetables." HortTechnology 6:168-72. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.6.3.168

Hochmuth, G.J., and D.N. Maynard. 1996. Vegetable Production Guide for Florida. SP170. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J., D.N. Maynard, and M. Sherman. 1994a. Tomato Production Guide for Florida. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ. 98C. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J., D. Maynard, C. Vavrina, and E.A. Hanlon. 1991b. Plant Tissue Analysis and Interpretation for Vegetable Crops in Florida. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Spec. Ser. SS-VEC-42. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, G.J., D. Maynard, C. Vavrina, E.A. Hanlon, and E.H. Simonne. 2009. Plant Tissue Analysis and Interpretation for Vegetable Crops in Florida. HS964. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep081.

Hochmuth, G.J., K.D. Shuler, E.A. Hanlon, and N. Roe. 1994b. "Pepper Response to Fertilization with Soluble and Controlled-release Potassium Fertilizers." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 107:132-9.

Hochmuth, G.J., and A.G. Smajstrla. 1997. Fertilizer Application and Management for Micro (drip)-irrigated Vegetables in Florida. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ. 1181. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Hochmuth, R.C., E.H. Simonne, D. Studstill, J. Jones, C. Starling, J. Chandler, and A. Tyree. 2005. "On-farm Demonstrations of Soil Water Movement in Vegetables Grown with Plasticulture." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 118:184-6.

Hortenstine, C.C., and R.E. Stall. 1962. "The Effects of Ca and P Fertilization on Yield and Quality of 'Manapal' Tomatoes Grown on Virgin Immokalee Fine Soil." Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 22:125-31.

Kidder, G., E.A. Hanlon, G.J. Hochmuth. 1989. IFAS Standardized Fertilization Recommendations for Vegetable Crops. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Spec. Ser. SS-SOS-907. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Lamberts, M., T. Olcyzk, Y.C. Li, H. Bryan, M. Codallo, and L. Ramos. 1997. "Field Demonstrations of Phosphorus Levels for Vine-ripe and Mature-green Tomatoes in Miami-Dade County." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 110:266-8.

Li, Y.C., R. Rao, H.H. Bryan, and T. Olcyzk. 1998. "Optimized Irrigation Schedule to Conserve Water and Reduce Nutrient Leaching for Tomatoes Grown on a Calcareous Gravelly Soil." Proc. Fla. State. Hort. Soc. 111:58-61.

Locascio, S.J., G.A. Clark, A.A. Csizinszky, C.D. Stanley, S.M. Olson, F. Rhoads, A.G. Smajstrla, G. Vellidis, R.J. Edling, H.Y. Hanna, M.R. Goyal, S. Crossman, and A.A. Navarro.1992. Water and Nutrient Requirements for Drip-irrigated Vegetables in Humid Regions. Southern Regional Research Project S-143 Report. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Locascio, S.J., J.G. Fiskell, and F.G. Martin. 1984. "Nitrogen Sources and Combinations for Polyethylene Mulched Tomatoes." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 97:148-50.

Locascio, S.J., and G.J. Hochmuth. 1994. "Potassium Source and Rate for Polyethylene-mulched Tomatoes." Proc. Tomato Inst. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. 105:103-9.

Locascio, S.J., G.J. Hochmuth, S.M. Olson, R.C. Hochmuth, A.A. Csizinszky, and K.D. Shuler. 1997a. "Potassium Source and Rate for Polyethylene-mulched Tomatoes." HortScience 32:1204-7. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.32.7.1204

Locascio, S.J., G. Hochmuth, F.M. Rhoads, S.M. Olson, A.G. Smajstrla, and E.A. Hanlon. 1997b. "Nitrogen and Potassium Application Scheduling Effects on Drip-irrigated Tomato Yield and Leaf Tissue Analysis." HortScience 32:230-5. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.32.2.230

Locascio, S.J., S.M. Olson, and F.M. Rhoads. 1989. "Water Quantity and Time of N and K Application for Trickle-irrigated Tomatoes." J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114:265-8.

Locascio, S.J., and A.G. Smajstrla. 1989. "Drip Irrigated Tomato as Affected by Water Quantity and N and K Application Timing." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 102:307-9.

Locascio, S.J., A.G. Smajstrla, and M.R. Alligood. 1996. "Nitrogen Requirements of Drip-irrigated Tomato." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 109:146-9.

McNeal, B.L., C.D. Stanley, L.A. Espinosa, and L.A. Schipper. 1994. "Nitrogen Management for Vegetables and Citrus: Some Environmental Considerations." Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Procs. 53:45-51.

McNeal, B.L., C.D. Stanley, W.D. Graham, P.R. Gilreath, D. Downey, and J.F. Creighton. 1995. "Nutrient-loss Trends for Vegetable and Citrus Fields in West-central Florida: Nitrate." J. Env. Qual. 24:95-100. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400010013x

Montelaro, J. 1978. Commercial Vegetable Fertilization Guide. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ. 225-B. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Morgan, K.T., S. Sato, and E. McAvoy. 2009. "Preliminary Data on Phosphorus Soil Test Index Validation in Southwest Florida." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 122:233-9.

Muñoz-Carpena, R., H.H. Bryan, W. Klassen, and M.D. Dukes. 2003. "Automatic Soil Moisture-based Drip Irrigation for Improving Tomato Production." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 116:80-5.

Muñoz-Carpena, R., M.D. Dukes, Y.C. Li and W. Klassen. 2005. "Field Comparison of Tensiometer and Granular Matrix Sensor Automatic Drip Irrigation on Tomato." HortTech 15 (3):1-7. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.15.3.0584

Mylavarapu, R.S. 2009. UF/IFAS Extension Soil Testing Laboratory (ESTL) Analytical Procedures and Training Manual. Circular 1248. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss312. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-ss312-2009

Olczyk, T., R. Regalado, Y.C. Li, and R. Jordan. 2000. "Usefulness of Tensiometers for Scheduling Irrigation for Tomatoes Grown on Rocky, Calcareous Soils in Southern Florida." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 113 (2000):239-42.

Olson, S.M., W.M. Stall, G.E. Vallad, S.E. Webb, S.A. Smith, E. Simonne, E. J. McAvoy, and B. M. Santos. 2010. "Tomato Production in Florida." In Vegetable Production Handbook for Florida 2010-2011, edited by S.M. Olson and B. Santos. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Olson, S.M., and B. Santos. 2010. Vegetable Production Handbook for Florida. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topic_vph.

Ozores-Hampton, M., E.H. Simonne, E. McAvoy, F. Roka, P. Roberts, P. Stansly, S. Shukla, T.A. Obreza, K. Cushman, P. Gilreath, J. Gilreath, and A. Whidden. 2005. "BMP Fertilizer Trials in Central and Southwest Fla." Proc. Tomato Inst.: 8-16.

Ozores-Hampton, M., E.H. Simonne, E. McAvoy, F. Roka, P. Roberts, P. Stansly, S. Shukla, K. Cushman, K. Morgan, T. Obreza, P. Gilreath, and D. Parmenter. 2006a. "Nitrogen BMP Efforts with Tomato Production in Florida in the 2005-2006 Season." Proc. Tomato Inst.: 16-23.

Ozores-Hampton, M., E.H. Simonne, G. McAvoy, F. Roka, P. Stansly, S. Shukla, P. Roberts, K. Morgan, K. Cushman, T. Obreza, P. Gilreath, and D. Parmenter. 2006b. "Nitrogen Best Management Practice with Tomato Production in Florida in the 2005-2006 Season." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 119:284-8.

Ozores-Hampton, M., E.H. Simonne, P. Gilreath, S. Sargent, D. McClure, T. Wilkes, E. McAvoy, P. Stansly, S. Shukla, P. Roberts, F. Roka, T. Obreza, K. Cushman, and D. Parmenter. 2007. "Effect of Nitrogen Rate on Yield of Tomato Grown with Seepage Irrigation and Reclaimed Water." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 120:184-8.

Ozores-Hampton, M., E.H. Simonne, K. Morgan, K. Cushman, S. Sata, C. Albright, E. Waldo, and A. Polak. 2010. "Can We Use Controlled-release Fertilizers in Tomato Production?" The Tomato Magazine: 8-15.

Poh, B.L., E.H. Simonne, R.C. Hochmuth, and D. Studstill. 2009. "Effect of Splitting Drip Irrigation on the Depth and Width of the Wetted Zone in a Sandy Soil." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 122:221-3.

Rhoads, F.M. 1997. Sap-test Nitrate-N of Fall Fresh Market Tomatoes. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. NFREC Research Report 97-7. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Rhoads, F.M., C.S. Gardner, O.S. Mbuya, G.L. Queeley, and H.M. Edwards. 1999. "Tomato Fertilization, Ground Cover, and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Movement." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112:315-19.

Rhoads, F.M., S.M. Olson, G.J. Hochmuth, and E.A. Hanlon. 1996. "Yield and Petiole-sap Nitrate Levels of Tomato with N Rates Applied Preplant or Fertigated." Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 55:9-12.

Rhoads, F.M., S.M. Olson, and A. Manning. 1988. "Nitrogen Fertilization of Staked Tomatoes in North Florida." Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 47:42-4.

Rhue, R.D., and P.H. Everett. 1987. "Response of Tomatoes to Lime and Phosphorus on a Sandy Soil." Agron. J. 79:71-7. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1987.00021962007900010015x

Santos, B.M., and J.W. Scott. 2008. "Response of 'Fla. 8153' Tomato to Nitrogen Fertilization Programs and In-row Distances." Hortscience 53:175-7.

Santos, B.M. 2008. "Evaluation of Nitrogen Rates and Irrigation Programs for Tomato Production in West Central Florida." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 121:164-6.

Sato, S., K. Morgan, M. Ozores-Hampton, and E.H. Simonne. 2009a ."Spatial and Temporal Distributions in Sandy Soils with Seepage Irrigation: I. Ammonium and Nitrate." Soil Science Society of America Journal 73 (3):1044-52. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0206

Sato, S., K.T. Morgan, M. Ozores-Hampton, E.H. Simonne. 2009b. "Spatial and Temporal Distributions in Sandy Soils with Seepage Irrigation: II. Phosphorus and Potassium." Soil Science Society of America Journal 73(3):1053-60. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0114

Schepers, J.S., K.D. Frank, and C. Bourg. 1986. "Effect of Yield Goal and Residual Nitrogen Considerations on Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendations for Irrigated Maize in Nebraska." J. Fertilizer Issues 3:133-9.

Scholberg, J.M., and S.J. Locascio. 1999. "Growth Response of Snap Bean and Tomato as Affected by Salinity and Irrigation Method." HortScience 34:259-64. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.34.2.259

Scholberg, J., B.L. McNeal, K.J. Boote, J.W. Jones, S.J. Locascio, and S.M. Olson. 2000. "Nitrogen Stress Effects on Growth and Nitrogen Accumulation by Field-grown Tomato." HortScience: 159-67. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2000.921159x

Shuler, K. D. 1992. Tomato Yield Response to Reduced Rates of N and K Fertilizer and to a Slow Release Source of N and K, Capella Farms, Boca Raton, FL, Fall-Spring 1991-1992. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. Research: Palm Beach County Ext. Report. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Shuler, K.D., and G.J. Hochmuth. 1995. "Field Tests of Phosphorus Fertilization of Tomato Growing in High-P Soils in Palm Beach County, Florida." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 108:227-32.

Shuler, K.D., G.J. Hochmuth, and E.A. Hanlon. 1989. Effects of Reduced Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Tomatoes in Boynton Beach, Florida, Fall/Winter 1988-89. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. Research Report: Palm Beach County Ext. Report. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Shuler, K.D., G.J. Hochmuth, and E.A. Hanlon. 1991. Tomato Yield Response to Reduced Rates of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer, Thomas Produce, Boca Raton, FL, Fall-Winter 1990-91. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. Research Report: Palm Beach County Ext. Report. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Shuler, K.D., G.J. Hochmuth, E. A. Hanlon, and N. Roe. 1992. Tomato Yield Response to Reduced Rates of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer, Neillco Farm, Boynton Beach, FL, Fall-Winter, 1991-92. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. Research Report: Palm Beach County Ext. Report. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Simonne, A.H., J.M. Fuzere, E. Simonne, R.C. Hochmuth, and M.R. Marshall. 2007. "Effects of Nitrogen Rates on Chemical Composition of Yellow Grape Tomato Grown in a Subtropical Climate." Jour. Plant Nutrition 30(6):927-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510701375465

Simonne, E.H., M.D. Dukes, G.J. Hochmuth, B. Hochmuth, D. Studstill, and A. Gazula. 2006. "Monitoring Nitrate Concentration in Shallow Wells Below a Vegetable Field." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 119:226-30.

Simonne, E.H., M.D. Dukes, and L. Zotarelli. 2010. Principles and Practices for Irrigation Management for Vegetables. AE260. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/cv107.

Simonne, E.H., and G.J. Hochmuth. 2008. "Fertilizer and Nutrient Management for Tomato."Tomato Institute Proceedings: 55-7.

Simonne, E.H., and G.J. Hochmuth. 2010. "Chapter 2. Soil and Fertilizer Management for Vegetable Production in Florida." In Vegetable Production Handbook. HS711. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/cv101.

Simonne, E., R. Hochmuth, G. Hochmuth, and D.W. Studstill. 2008. "Development of a Nitrogen Fertigation Program for Grape Tomato." Journal of Plant Nutrition 31(12): 2145-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802460102

Simonne, E.H. 2009."Fertilizer and Nutrient Management for Tomato." Proc. Tomato Inst.: 41-4.

Simonne, E.H., D.W. Studstill, R.C. Hochmuth, G. McAvoy, M.D. Dukes, and S. Olson. 2003. "Visualization of Water Movement in Mulched Beds with Injections of Dye with Drip Irrigation." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 116:88-91.

Smajstrla, A., and D. Haman. 1998. "Irrigated Acreage in Florida:A Summary through 1998." Fla. Coop. Ext Serv. Cir 1220. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae150.

Smith, S.A., and T.G. Taylor. 1996. 1995-96 Production Cost for Selected Vegetables in Florida. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ. 1176. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Soltanpour, P.N., and A.P. Schwab. 1977. "A New Soil Test for Simultaneous Extraction of Macro- and Micro-nutrients in Alkaline Soils." Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 8 (3): 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103627709366714

Stanley, C.D., and G.A. Clark. 1991. "Water Table Management Using Microirrigation Tubing." Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 50:6-8.

Stanley, C.D., and G.A. Clark. 2003. "Effect of Reduced Water Table and Fertility Levels on Subirrigated Tomato Production in Southwest Florida." Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. SL210. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Stanley, C.D., B.L. McNeal, P.R. Gilreath, J.F. Creighton, W.D. Graham, and G. Alveio. 1995. "Nutrient-loss Trends for Vegetable and Citrus Fields in West-central Florida: II Phosphate." Jour. Env. Quality 24:101-6. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400010014x

Sweeney, D.W., D.A. Graetz, A.B. Bottcher, S.J. Locascio, and K.L. Campbell. 1987. "Tomato Yield and Nitrogen Recovery as Influenced by Irrigation Method, Nitrogen Source, and Mulch." Hortscience 22:27-9.

Taylor, M.D., S.J. Locascio, and M.R. Alligood. 2002. "Incidence of Blossom-end Rot and Fruit Firmness of Tomato Affected by Irrigation Quantity and Calcium Source." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 115:211-4.

VanSickle, J., S. Smith, and E. McAvoy. 2009. Production Budget for Tomatoes in the Manatee-Ruskin Area of Florida. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. FE817.Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://ufdc.ufl.edu//IR00003785/00001. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe817-2009

VanSickle, J., S. Smith, and E. McAvoy. 2009. Production Budget for Tomatoes in Southwest Florida. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. FE818. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://ufdc.ufl.edu//IR00003786/00001. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe818-2009

Vavrina, C.S., G.J. Hochmuth, J.A. Cornell, and S.M. Olson. 1998. "Nitrogen Fertilization of Florida-grown Tomato Transplants: Seasonal Variation in Greenhouse and Field Performance." HortScience 33:251-54. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.33.2.251

Wang, Q., H.H. Bryan, W. Klassen, Y.C. Li, M. Codallo, and A. Abdul-Baki. 2002. "Improved Tomato Production with Summer Cover Crops and Reduced Irrigation Rates." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 115:202-7.

Wang, Q., and W. Klassen. 2005. "Influence of Summer Cover Crops on Conservation of Soil Water and Nutrients in a Subtropical Area." J. Soil and Water Conservation 60:59-63.

Wang, Q., W. Klassen, H. Bryan, Y.C. Li, and A. Abdul-Baki. 2001. "Influence of Summer Cover Crops on Growth and Yield of a Subsequent Tomato Crop in South Florida." Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 116:140-3.

Wang, Q.R., Y.C. Li, and W. Klassen. 2007. "Changes of Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen with Cover Crops and Irrigation in a Tomato Field." Journal of Plant Nutrition 30(4): 623-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160701209410

Wang, Q., W. Klassen, Y. Li ,and M. Codallo. 2009. "Cover Crops and Organic Mulch to Improve Tomato Yields and Soil Fertility." Agronomy Journal: 345-51. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0103

Wang, Q., W. Klassen, Y. Li, M. Codallo, and A. Abdul-Baki. 2005. "Influence of Cover Crops and Irrigation Rates on Tomato Yields and Quality in a Subtropical Region." HortScience 40:2125-31. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.7.2125

Zotarelli, L., J. Scholberg, M.D. Dukes, R. Muñoz-Carpena, and J. Icerman. 2009a. "Tomato Yield, Biomass Accumulation, Root Distribution, and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency on a Sandy Soil, as Affected by Nitrogen Rate and Irrigation Scheduling." Agr. Water Management 96:23-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.06.007

Zotarelli, L., M.D. Dukes, J.M.S. Scholberg, R.Muñoz-Carpena, and J. Icerman. 2009b. "Tomato Nitrogen Accumulation and Fertilizer Use Efficiency on a Sandy Soil, as Affected by Nitrogen Rate and Irrigation Scheduling." Agr. Water Management 96(8): 1247-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.03.019

License