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EENY-408, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Albert E. Mayfield, III, is part of the Featured Creatures collection. It provides information about this common defoliator of pines in the eastern United States, its distribution, description, biology, hosts, damage, and management. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, May 2007.
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Hertel GD, Benjamin DM. 1977. Intensity of site preparation influences on pine webworm and tip moth infestations on pine seedlings in north-central Florida. Environmental Entomology 6: 118-122. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/6.1.118
Hertel GD, Benjamin DM. 1979. Biology of the pine webworm in Florida slash pine plantations. Annals of the Entomological Society of America.72: 816-819. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/72.6.816
Johnson WT, Lyon HH. 1991. Insects that Feed on Trees and Shrubs. 2nd edition, revised. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. 560 p.
Merkel EP, Hertel GD. 1976. Pine tip moth and pine webworm control with carbofuran in north Florida. USDA Forest Service Research Note SE-236, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC. 6 p.
USDA Forest Service. 1989. Insects and diseases of trees in the South. Protection Report R8-PR 16. USDA Forest Service, Southern Region, Atlanta, GA. 98 p.
Wallesz DP, Benjamin DM. 1960. The biology of the pine webworm, Tetralopha robustella, in Wisconsin. Journal of Economic Entomology 53: 587-589. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/53.4.587