How to Cite
Abstract
This publication summarizes the available information about the distribution, vectors, vertebrate hosts, transmission cycles, epidemiology, and control of Rift Valley fever virus.
References
Abdo‐Salem, S., Gerbier, G., Bonnet, P., Al‐Qadasi, M., Tran, A., Thiry, E., Al‐Eryni, G. and Roger, F., 2006. Descriptive and spatial epidemiology of Rift Valley fever outbreak in Yemen 2000–2001. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1081: 240-242. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1373.028
Abudurexiti, A., Adkins, S., Alioto, D., Alkhovsky, S.V., Avšič-Županc, T., Ballinger, M.J., Bente, D.A., Beer, M., Bergeron, É., Blair, C.D. and Briese, T., 2019. Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019. Archives of Virology, 164: 1949-1965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04253-6
Ahmed Kamal, S., 2011. Observations on Rift Valley fever virus and vaccines in Egypt. Virology Journal, 8: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-532
Alhaj, M., 2016. Safety and efficacy profile of commercial veterinary vaccines against Rift Valley fever: a review study. Journal of Immunology Research, 1: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7346294
Anyamba, A., Chretien, J.P., Britch, S.C., Soebiyanto, R.P., Small, J.L., Jepsen, R., Forshey, B.M., Sanchez, J.L., Smith, R.D., Harris, R. and Tucker, C.J., 2019. Global disease outbreaks associated with the 2015-2016 El Niño event. Scientific Reports, 9: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38034-z
Anyamba, A., Linthicum, K.J., Small, J., Britch, S.C., Pak, E., de La Rocque, S., Formenty, P., Hightower, A.W., Breiman, R.F., Chretien, J.P. and Tucker, C.J., 2010. Prediction, assessment of the Rift Valley fever activity in East and Southern Africa 2006-2008 and possible vector control strategies. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 83: 43. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0289
Baba, M., Masiga, D.K., Sang, R. and Villinger, J., 2016. Has Rift Valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in East Africa? Emerging Microbes & Infections, 5: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/emi.2016.57
Bales, J.M., Powell, D.S., Bethel, L.M., Reed, D.S. and Hartman, A.L., 2012. Choice of inbred rat strain impacts lethality and disease course after respiratory infection with Rift Valley fever virus. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2: 105. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00105
Britch, S.C., Binepal, Y.S., Ruder, M.G., Kariithi, H.M., Linthicum, K.J., Anyamba, A., Small, J.L., Tucker, C.J., Ateya, L.O., Oriko, A.A. and Gacheru, S., 2013. Rift Valley fever risk map model and seroprevalence in selected wild ungulates and camels from Kenya. PLoS one, 8: e66626. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066626
Campbell, C.L., Snell, T.K., Bennett, S., Wyckoff III, J.H., Heaslip, D., Flatt, J., Harris, E.K., Hartman, D.A., Lian, E., Bird, B.H. and Stenglein, M.D., 2022. Safety study of Rift Valley Fever human vaccine candidate (DDVax) in mosquitoes. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69: 2621-2633. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14415
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020a. Rift Valley fever (https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/rvf/outbreaks/summaries.html) (access data on November 30, 2022).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020b. Rift Valley fever: Signs and Symptoms (https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/rvf/symptoms/index.html) (access data on November 30, 2022).
Chevalier, V., Pépin, M., Plee, L. and Lancelot, R.J.E.S., 2010. Rift Valley fever-a threat for Europe? Eurosurveillance, 15: 19506. https://doi.org/10.2807/ese.15.10.19506-en
Daubney, R. and Hudson, J.R., 1931. Enzootic hepatitis or Rift Valley fever. An un-described virus disease of sheep, cattle and man from East Africa. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 34: 545-79. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1700340418
Daubney, R. and Hudson, J.R., 1931. Enzootic Hepatitis or Rift Valley Fever. An un-described virus disease of sheep, cattle and man from East Africa. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 34: 545-79. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1700340418
Davies, F.G., 2010. The historical and recent impact of Rift Valley fever in Africa. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 83: 73. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.83s2a02
Davies, F.G., Linthicum, K.J. and James, A.D., 1985. Rainfall and epizootic Rift Valley fever. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 63: 941.
El-Akkad, A.M., 1978. Rift Valley fever outbreak in Egypt. October-December 1977. The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 53: 123-128.
Faburay, B., LaBeaud, A.D., McVey, D.S., Wilson, W.C. and Richt, J.A., 2017. Current status of Rift Valley fever vaccine development. Vaccines, 5: 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5030029
Gerdes, G.H., 2004. Rift Valley fever. Revue scientifique et technique. International Office of Epizootics, 23: 613-623. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.23.2.1500
Gibson, S., Linthicum, K.J., Turell, M.J. and Anyamba, A., 2022. Rift Valley fever virus: Movement of infected humans threatens global public health and agriculture. CABI Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217029
Golnar, A.J., Turell, M.J., LaBeaud, A.D., Kading, R.C. and Hamer, G.L., 2014. Predicting the mosquito species and vertebrate species involved in the theoretical transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in the United States. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8: e3163. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003163
Ikegami, T. and Makino, S., 2011. The pathogenesis of Rift Valley fever. Viruses, 3: 493-519. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3050493
Ikegami, T., 2012. Molecular biology and genetic diversity of Rift Valley fever virus. Antiviral Research, 95: 293-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.06.001
Ikegami, T., 2021. Development of a Simian RNA Polymerase I Promoter-Driven Reverse Genetics System for the Rescue of Recombinant Rift Valley Fever Virus from Vero Cells. Journal of Virology, 95: e02004-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02004-20
Jupp, P.G. and Cornel, A.J., 1988. Vector competence tests with Rift Valley fever virus and five South African species of mosquito. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 4:4-8.
Kwaśnik, M., Rożek, W. and Rola, J., 2021. Rift Valley fever–a growing threat to humans and animals. Journal of Veterinary Research, 65: 7-14. https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0009
Lancelot, R., 2009. Sentinel animals in tropical environments. Toward an integrated surveillance system. Épidémiologie et Santé Animale, 56: 27-34.
Linthicum, K.J., Anyamba, A., Britch, S.C., Chretien, J.P., Bennett, K.E., Mayer, R.T., Schmidtmann, E.T., Wilson, W.C., Freier, J.E., James, A.M. and Miller, R.S., 2007. A Rift Valley fever risk surveillance system for Africa using remotely sensed data: potential for use on other continents. Veterinaria Italiana, 43: 663-74
Linthicum, K.J., Anyamba, A., Tucker, C.J., Kelley, P.W., Myers, M.F. and Peters, C.J., 1999. Climate and satellite indicators to forecast Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya. Science, 285: 397-400. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5426.397
Linthicum, K.J., Britch, S.C., and Anyamba, A., 2016. Rift Valley fever: an emerging mosquito-borne disease. Annual Review of Entomology, 6: 395-415. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023819
Linthicum, K.J., Davies, F.G., Bailbey, C.L. and Kairo, A., 1983. Mosquito species succession in a dambo in an East African forest. Mosquito news, 43: 464-470.
Linthicum, K.J., Davies, F.G., Bailey, C.L. and Kairo, A., 1984. Mosquito species encountered in a flooded grassland dambo in Kenya. Mosquito News, 44: 228-232.
Linthicum, K.J., Davies, F.G., Kairo, A. and Bailey, C.L., 1985b. Rift Valley fever virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus). Isolations from Diptera collected during an inter-epizootic period in Kenya. Epidemiology & Infection, 95: 197-209. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022172400062434
Linthicum, K.J., Kaburia, H.F., Davies, F.G., Lindqvist, K.J. 1985a. A blood meal analysis of engorged mosquitoes found in Rift Valley fever epizootics areas in Kenya. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1:93-5.
Logan, T.M., Linthicum, K.J., Davies, F.G., Binepal, Y.S. and Roberts, C.R., 1991. Isolation of Rift Valley fever virus from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected during an outbreak in domestic animals in Kenya. Journal of Medical Entomology, 28: 293-295. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/28.2.293
Lumley, S., Horton, D.L., Hernandez-Triana, L.L., Johnson, N., Fooks, A.R. and Hewson, R., 2017. Rift Valley fever virus: strategies for maintenance, survival and vertical transmission in mosquitoes. Journal of General Virology, 98: 875-887. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000765
Lutomiah, J., Omondi, D., Masiga, D., Mutai, C., Mireji, P.O., Ongus, J., Linthicum, K.J. and Sang, R., 2014. Blood meal analysis and virus detection in blood-fed mosquitoes collected during the 2006–2007 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Kenya. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 14: 656-664. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2013.1564
Madani, T.A., Al-Mazrou, Y.Y., Al-Jeffri, M.H., Mishkhas, A.A., Al-Rabeah, A.M., Turkistani, A.M., Al-Sayed, M.O., Abodahish, A.A., Khan, A.S., Ksiazek, T.G. and Shobokshi, O., 2003. Rift Valley fever epidemic in Saudi Arabia: epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 37: 1084-1092. https://doi.org/10.1086/378747
Mariner, J., 2018. Rift Valley Fever Surveillance. FAO Animal Production and Health Manual No. 21. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, pp. 5, 51.
Meegan, J.M., 1979. The Rift Valley fever epizootic in Egypt 1977-1978 1. Description of the epizootic and virological studies. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 73: 618-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(79)90004-X
Ndiaye, E.H., Fall, G., Gaye, A., Bob, NS., Talla, C., Diagne, C.T., Diallo, D., BA, Y., Dia, I., Kohl, A., Diallo, M., 2016. Vector competence of Aedes vexans (Meigen), Culex poicilipes (Theobald) and Cx. quinquefasciatus Say from Senegal for West and East African lineages of Rift Valley fever virus. Parasites & vectors, 9: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1383-y
Petrova, V., Kristiansen, P., Norheim, G. and Yimer, S.A., 2020. Rift Valley fever: diagnostic challenges and investment needs for vaccine development. BMJ Global Health, 5: e002694. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002694
Rolin, A.I., Berrang-Ford, L. and Kulkarni, M.A., 2013. The risk of Rift Valley fever virus introduction and establishment in the United States and European Union. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/emi.2013.81
Saluzzo, J.F., Digoutte, J.P., Chartier, C., Martinez, D.T. and Bada, R., 1987. Focus of Rift Valley fever virus transmission in southern Mauritania. The Lancet, 329: 504. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92110-6
Shoemaker, T.R., Nyakarahuka, L., Balinandi, S., Ojwang, J., Tumusiime, A., Mulei, S., Kyondo, J., Lubwama, B., Sekamatte, M., Namutebi, A., Tusiime, P., Monje, F., Mayanja, M., Ssendagire, S., Dahlke, M., Kyazze, S., Wetaka, M., Makumbi, I., Borchert, J., Zufan, S., Patel, K., Whitmer, S., Brown, S., Davis, W.G., Klena, J.D., Nichol, S.T., Rollin, P.E. and Lutwama, J., 2019. First laboratory-confirmed outbreak of human and animal Rift Valley fever virus in Uganda in 48 years. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 100: 659-671. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0732
Sidwell, R.W., and Smee, D.F., 2003. Viruses of the Bunya-and Togaviridae families: potential as bioterrorism agents and means of control. Antiviral Research, 57: 101-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00203-6
Smithburn, K.C., Mahaffy, A.F., Haddow, A.J., Kitchen, S.F. and Smith, J.F., 1949. Rift Valley fever: accidental infections among laboratory workers. The Journal of Immunology, 62: 213-227. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.62.2.213
Turell, M.J., Linthicum, K.J., Patrican, L.A., Davies, F.G., Kairo, A., Bailey, C.L., 2008. Vector competence of selected African mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species for Rift Valley fever virus. Journal of Medical Entomology, 45102-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/45.1.102
Turell, M.J., Presley, S.M., Gad, A.M., Cope, S.E., Dohm, D.J., Morrill, J.C., Arthur, R.R., 1996. Vector competence of Egyptian mosquitoes for Rift Valley fever virus. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 54: 136-9. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1996.54.136
Wanja, E., Parker, Z., Rowland, T., Turell, M.J., Clark, J.W., Davé, K., Davé, S. and Sang, R., 2011. Field evaluation of a wicking assay for the rapid detection of Rift Valley fever viral antigens in mosquitoes. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 27: 370-375. https://doi.org/10.2987/11-6176.1
Weiss, K.E., 1957. Wesselsbron virus disease. Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa, 5: 459.
Wilkerson, R.C., Linton, Y.M., Fonseca, D.M., Schultz, T.R., Price, D.C. and Strickman, D.A., 2015. Making mosquito taxonomy useful: a stable classification of tribe Aedini that balances utility with current knowledge of evolutionary relationships. PloS one, 10: e0133602. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133602
World Health Organization 2018: Rift Valley fever virus (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rift-valley-fever) (access data on November 9, 2022).
Youssouf, H., Subiros, M., Dennetiere, G., Collet, L., Dommergues, L., Pauvert, A., Rabarison, P., Vauloup-Fellous, C., Le Godais, G., Jaffar-Bandjee, M.C. and Jean, M., 2020. Rift Valley fever outbreak, Mayotte, France, 2018-2019. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26: 769. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2604.191147
Zeller, H.G., Fontenille, D., Traoré-Laminzana, M., Thiongane, Y., Digoutte, J.P., 1997. Enzootic activity of Rift Valley fever virus in Senegal. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56: 265-272. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1997.56.265
Zouaghi, K., Bouattour, A., Aounallah, H., Surtees, R., Krause, E., Michel, J., Mamlouk, A., Nitsche, A. and M’ghirbi, Y., 2021. First serological evidence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Rift Valley fever virus in ruminants in Tunisia. Pathogens, 10: 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060769