Versions
- 2022-11-18 (3)
- 2012-10-30 (2)
- 2004-02-01 (1)
Keywords
plant tissues
plant nutrition
vegetable growing
nutrient deficiencies
Categories
How to Cite
Abstract
This guide is provided to assist vegetable growers, UF/IFAS Extension personnel, and consultants in conducting a meaningful plant tissue testing program. Guidelines are provided for collecting samples, proper handling of the sample, and choosing an analytical lab. Information is also presented on basic plant nutrition so that the reader understands the nutrient requirements of each vegetable crop and the process of identifying nutrient deficiencies.
The final section of the guide presents the deficiency, sufficiency, and toxicity ranges for plant nutrient concentrations. This is the interpretation portion. Values presented in the tables have been drawn from research from many areas of the country with emphasis on research conducted in Florida. Missing values in the tables indicate areas of research need. The final section of the guide also presents recommendations for nutrient deficiency correction. Originally published January 1991 and revised February 2004 and October 2012. This version November 2022 includes updates to crop data for carrots.
References
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Hochmuth, G. J., E. A. Hanlon, B. C. Hochmuth. 1992. Responses of pepper, muskmelon, watermelon, and sweet corn to P and K fertilization at Live Oak, Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Research Report 92-28.
Hochmuth, G. J., Hanlon, E. A., and G. Kidder. 2000. Appropriate uses of soil fertility testing and the UF-IFAS standarized fertilization recommendation system: a position paper from the UF-IFAS plant nutrient oversight committee. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 113:138-140.
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REFERENCES BY CROP
BROCCOLI
Magnifico, V., V. Lattanzio, and C. Sarli. 1979. Growth and nutrient removal by broccoli. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104:201-203. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.104.2.201
Peck, N. H., and G. E. MacDonald. 1986. Cauliflower, broccoli, and brussels sprouts responses to concentrated superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilization. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. lll:195-201. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.111.2.195
BRUSSELS SPROUTS
Peck, N. H., and G. E. MacDonald. 1986. Cauliflower, broccoli, and brussels sprouts responses to concentrated superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilization. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. lll:195-201. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.111.2.195
Welch, N. C., K. B. Tyler, and D. Ririe. 1985. Nitrogen rates and nitrapyrin influence on yields of brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and celery. HortScience 20:1110-1112. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.20.6.1110
CABBAGE
Csizinszky, A. A., and D. J. Schuster. 1985. Response of cabbage to insecticide schedule, plant spacing, and fertilizer rates. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 110:888-893. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.110.6.888
Csizinszky, A. A., and C. D. Stanley. 1984. Effect of trickle tubes per bed and N and K rates on spring broccoli and cabbage yields. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. of Fla. Proc., Vol:43:51-55.
Forbes, R. B., J. B. Sartain, and N. R. Usherwood. 1984. Optimum K fertilization schedule for maximizing yields of cabbage, sweetcorn, and soybeans grown in a multiple cropping sequence. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 43:64-68.
Harrison, H. C., and E. L. Bergman. 1981. Calcium, magnesium, and potassium interrelationships affecting cabbage production. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:500-503. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.106.4.500
Knavel, D. E. and J. W. Herron. 1981. Influence of tillage system, plant spacing, and nitrogen on head weight, yield, and nutrient concentration of spring cabbage. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:540-545. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.106.5.540
Hochmuth, R. C., G. J. Hochmuth, and M. E. Donley. 1993. Responses of cabbage yields, head quality, and leaf nutrient status, and of second-crop squash, to poultry manure fertilization. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla Proc. 52:126-130.
Peck, N. H. and J. R. Stamer. 1970. Plant response to concentrated superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilizers. N.Y. State Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bul. 830.
Welch, N. C., K. B. Tyler, and D. Ririe. 1985. Nitrogen rates and nitrapyrin influence on yields of brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and celery. HortScience 20:1110-1112. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.20.6.1110
CARROT
Burdine, H. W., and C. B. Hall. 1976. Carrot responses to fertilizer levels on Everglades organic soils. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 89:120-125.
Gupta, U. C., and J. A. Cutcliffe. 1985. Boron nutrition of carrots and table beets grown in a boron deficient soil. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 16:509-516. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628509367623
Hemphill, D. D., and T. L. Jackson. 1982. Effect of soil acidity and nitrogen on yield and elemental concentration of bush bean, carrot, and lettuce. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107(5):740-744. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.107.5.740
Hipp, B. W.1978. Response by carrots to nitrogen and assessment of nitrogen status by plant analysis. HortScience 13:43-44. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.13.1.43
Hochmuth, G. J., J. K. Brecht, and M. J. Bassett. 1999. Nitrogen fertilization to maximize carrot yield and quality on a sandy soil. HortScience 34(4):641-645. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.34.4.641
Hochmuth, R. C., M. Burani-Arouca, and C. E. Barrett. 2021. Yield and quality of carrot cultivars with eight nitrogen rates and best management practices. HortScience 56 (10): 1199-1205. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15983-21
CAULIFLOWER
Peck, N. H., and G. E. MacDonald. 1986. Cauliflower, broccoli, and brussels sprouts responses to concentrated superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilization. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111:195-201. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.111.2.195
Wall, T. E., G. J. Hochmuth, and E. A. Hanlon. 1988. Calibration of Mehlich-Iand -III extractable potassium for polyethylene drip irrigated cauliflower. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 48:46-49.
Welch, N. C., K. B. Tyler, and D. Ririe. 1985. Nitrogen rates and nitrapyrin influence on yields of brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and celery. HortScience 20:1110-1112. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.20.6.1110
CELERY
Burdine, H. W., and V. L. Guzman. 1965. The response of some green celery varieties to pH adjustment with sulphur on everglades organic soil. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 78:148-156.
Burdine, H. W., and V. L. Guzman. 1969. Some celery responses to fertilizer levels. Univ. Fla. Everglades Station Mimeo Report EE569-17.
Welch, N. C., K. B. Tyler, and D. Ririe. 1985. Nitrogen rates and nitrapyrin influence on yields of brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and celery. HortScience 20:1110-1112. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.20.6.1110
COLLARDS
del Valle, C. C. 1971. Influence of seeding rate, source, and level of nitrogen on collards. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci 96:25-26. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.96.1.25
CUCUMBER
Cantliffe, D. J. 1977. Nitrogen fertilizer requirements of pickling cucumbers grown for once-over harvest I. Effect on yield and fresh quality. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102:112-114. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.102.2.112
Evanylo, G. K. and D. V. Midkiff. 1987. Influence of soil fertility on slicer cucumbers. Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, The Vegetable Growers News, Vol. 42, No. 3.
Hochmuth, R. C. and G. J. Hochmuth. 1991. Nitrogen requirement for mulched slicing cucumbers. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 50:130-133.
Navarro, A. A., and S. J. Lacascio. 1973. Cucumber response to copper rate and fertilizer placement. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 86:193-195.
Navarro, A. A., and S. J. Locascio. 1980. Copper nutrition of cucumber as influenced by fertilizer placement, phosphorus rate, and phosphorus source. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 39:16-19.
Smith, C., G. Hochmuth, and G. Jones. 2000. Cucumber responses to soil Mg and to Mg fertilization were not predictable. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 113:261-265.
EGGPLANT
Hochmuth, G., R. Hochmuth, E. Hanlon, and M. Donley. 1991. Nitrogen requirements of mulched eggplant in northern Florida. Suwannee Valley REC Report #91-14.
Hochmuth, G. J., R. C. Hochmuth, E. A. Hanlon, M. E. Donley. 1992. Effect of potassium on yield and leaf-N and K concentrations of eggplant. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-2.
Hochmuth, G. J., R. C. Hochmuth, M. E. Donley, and E. A. Hanlon. 1993. Eggplant yield in response to potassium fertilization on sandy soil. HortScience 28:1002-1005. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.28.10.1002
Hochmuth, G., and R. Hochmuth. 1995. Effects of K amounts and proportions of K supplied from controlled-release potassium nitrate on eggplant yield. Suwannee Valley REC Report #95-6.
Ozaki, H. Y., and J. R. Iley. 1965. Magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc ammanium phosphates as fertilizer sources for eggplant. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 25:123-128.
Seaker, E. M., E. L. Bergman, and C. P. Romaine. 1982. Effects of magnesium on tobacco mosaic virus-infected eggplants. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107:162-166. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.107.1.162
LETTUCE
Burdine, H. W., C. B. Hall, and J. R. Hicks. 1976. Responses of some leafy vegetables to varying fertility levels on Terra Ceia muck. Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 36:46-51.
Cantliffe, D. J., G. J. Hochmuth, Z. Karchi, and I. Secker. 1997. Nitrogen fertility requirement for iceberg lettuce grown on sandland with plastic mulch and drip irrigation. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 110:306-309.
Diaz, O. A., E. A. Hanlon, Jr., G. J. Hochmuth, and J. M. White. 1988. Phosphorus and potassium nutrition of lettuce on a Florida muck. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 47:36-41.
Guzman, V. L., and R. E. Lucas. 1979. Preliminary investigations on the nutrient requirements of crisp-head lettuce cultivars. Belle Glade, AREC Research Report EV-1979-4.
Lucas, R. E., and V. L. Guzman. 1980. Crisphead lettuce - Plant nutrient trials. Univ. Fla. Belle Glade AREC Research Report EV-1980-9.
Pew, W. D., B. R. Gardner, and P. M. Bessey. 1983. Comparison of controlled-released nitrogen fertilizers, urea, and ammonium nitrate on yield and nitrogen uptake by fall-grown head lettuce. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108:448-453. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.108.3.448
Sanchez, C. A., and H. W. Burdine. 1989. Soil testing and plant analysis as guides for the fertilization of escarole and endive on histosols. Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 48:37-40.
LIMA BEAN
Smith, C. B. 1980. Growth responses and leaf nutrient concentrations of 'Fordhook 242' lima beans as affected by fertilizer treatment and plant stand. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 105:472-475. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.105.3.472
MUSKMELON (CANTALOUPE)
Bhella, H. S., and G. E. Wilcox. 1986. Yield and composition of muskmelon as influenced by preplant and trickle applied nitrogen. HortScience 21:86-88. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.21.1.86
Bhella, H. S., and G. E. Wilcox. 1989. Lime and nitrogen influence soil acidity, nutritional status, vegetative growth, and yield of muskmelon. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114:606-610. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.114.4.606
Brantley, B. B., and G. F. Warren. 1960. Effect of nitrogen nutrition on flowering, fruiting, and quality in the muskmelon. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 77:424-431.
DeBuchananne, D. A., and H. G. Taber. 1985. Method of nitrogen application for muskmelons. J. Plant Nutr 8: 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904168509363341
Elamin, O. M., and G. E. Wilcox. 1986. Effect of magnesium and manganese nutrition on muskmelon growth and manganese toxicity. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111:582-587. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.111.4.582
Elamin, O. M., and G. E. Wilcox. 1986. Effect of soil acidity and magnesium on muskmelon leaf composition and fruit yield. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111:682-685. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.111.5.682
Flocker, W. J., J. C. Lingle, R. M. Davis, and R. J. Miller. 1964. Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield, quality, and size of cantaloupes. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 86:424-431.
Gubler, W. D. 1982. Yellows of melons caused by molybdenum deficiency in acid soil. Plant Disease 66:449-451. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-66-449
Hochmuth, G. J., E. Hanlon, and R. C. Hochmuth. 1991. Nitrogen crop nutrient requirements for muskmelons grown in various polyethylene mulch systems. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #91-5.
Hochmuth, G., and R. Hochmuth. 1995. Effects of K rate and proportions of K supplied from controlled-release K on muskmelon. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #95-07.
Hochmuth, G. and M. Gal. 2001. Muskmelon fruit response to K source and method of application. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 114:312-315.
Lorenz, 0. A., B. L. Weir, and J. C. Bishop. 1972. Effect of controlled-released nitrogen fertilizers on yield and nitrogen absorption by potatoes, cantaloupes, and tomatoes. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97:334-337. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.97.3.334
Stark, F. C., and I. C. Haut. 1958. Mineral nutrient requirements of cantaloupes with reference to nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and boron, Md. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. A-93. 37 pp.
Wiedenfeld, R. P. 1986. Rate, timing, and slow-release nitrogen fertilizers on bell peppers and muskmelon. HortScience 21:233-235. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.21.2.233
Wilcox, G. E. 1973. Muskmelon response to rates and sources of nitrogen. Agron. J. 65:694-697. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1973.00021962006500050005x
OKRA
Ahmad, N., and L. I. Tullach. 1968. Effects of fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium on yield and nutrient content of okra (Hibiscus esculentus L). Agron. J. 60:353-449. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1968.00021962006000040006x
Asif, M. I., and J. K. Greig. 1972. Effects of N, P, and K fertilization on fruit yield, Macro- and micronutrient levels, and nitrate accumulation in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97:440-442. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.97.4.440
Majanbu, Is, V. B. Ogunlela, and M. K. Ahmed. 1986. Response of two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) varieties to fertilizers: growth and nutrient concentration as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus application. Fertilizer Research 8:297-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01048632
Sutton, Paul. 1963. The response of okra to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 149-152.
ONION
Hochmuth, G. J., R. C. Hochmuth, E. A. Hanlon, and M. E. Donley. 1991. Responses of Florida sweet onions to N and K fertilization. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #91-11.
Minotti, P. L., and K. W. Stone. 1988. Consequences of not fertilizing onions on organic soils with high soil test values. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal 19:1887-1906. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628809368058
Smittle, D. A. 1984. Responses of onions to sulfur and nitrogen fertilization. The University of Ga. Agric. Expt. Stat. Res. Rpt. 455.
Voss, R. E. 1979. Onion production in California. Cooperative Extension, Division of Agricultural Sciences, Univ. Ca. Pub. 4097.
PEPPER
Hochmuth, G. J., K. D. Shuler, R. .L. Mitchell, P. R. Gilreath. 1987. Nitrogen crop nutrient requirement demonstrations for mulched pepper in Florida. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 100:205-209.
Hochmuth, G. J., K. D. Shuler, P. R. Gilreath, and R. L. Mitchell. 1988. Field-testing of revised Mehlich-I-predicted potassium fertilizer recommendations for mulched pepper. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 47:30-35.
Hochmuth, G., E. Hanlon, and R. Hochmuth. 1992. Response of pepper to N fertilization in a polyethylene mulch and drip irrigation production system at Live Oak, FL, Spring 1988. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-29.
Hochmuth, G., and R. Hochmuth. 1994. Jalapeno pepper response to N and K fertilization. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #94-05.
Hochmuth, G., K. Shuler, E. Hanlon, and N. Roe. 1994. Pepper response to fertilization with soluble and controlled-release potassium fertilizaters. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 107:132-139.
Hochmuth, G., and R. Hochmuth. 1995. Effects of K rate and proportion of K supplied from controlled-release K on pepper. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #95-8.
Knavel, D. E., J. Ellis, and J. Morrison. 1977. The effects of tillage systems an the performance and elemental absorption by selected vegetable crops. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102:323-327. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.102.3.323
Locascio, S. J., and J. G. A. Fiskell. 1976. Pepper production as influenced by mulch, fertilizer placement, and nitrogen rate. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 36:113-117.
Locascio, S. J., J. G. A. Fiskell, and F. G. Martin. 1981. Responses of bell pepper to nitrogen sources. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:628-632. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.106.5.628
Miller, C. H., R. E. McCollum, and S. Claimon. 1979. Relationships between growth of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) and nutrient accumulation during ontogeny in field environments. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104:852-857. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.104.6.852
Shaw, N. L., G. J. Hochmuth, and E. A. Hanlon. 1996. N fertilization management for drip irrigated bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 109:136-141.
Wiedenfeld, R. P. 1986. Rate, timing, and slow-release nitrogen fertilizers on bell peppers and muskmelon. HortScience 21:233-235. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.21.2.233
POTATO
Bundy, L. G., R. P. Walkowski, and G. G. Weis. 1986. Nitrogen source evaluation for potato production on irrigated sandy soils. Amer. Potato J. 63:385-398. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854101
Elkashif, M. E., and S. J. Lacascio, and D. R. Hensel. 1983. Isobutylidene diurea and sulfur-coated urea as N sources for potatoes. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108(4):523-526. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.108.4.523
Hensel, D. R. 1962. Phosphorus fertilization of potatoes an Ona fine sand. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 22:130-131.
Hochmuth, G., E. Hanlon, and B. Hochmuth. 1992. Foliar nutritional sprays did not improve yields or grade of watermelons or potatoes. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-26.
Hochmuth, G., E. Hanlon, and B. Hochmuth. 1992. N and K fertilization of red potatoes at Live Oak, FL. Spring 1988. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-30.
Hochmuth, G. J., P. Weingartner, C. Hutchinson, A. Tilton, and D. Jesseman. 2002. Potato yield and tuber quality did not respond to phosphorus fertilization of soils testing high in phosphorus content. HortTechnology 12:420-423. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.12.3.420
Hochmuth, G., E. Hanlon, G. Kidder, D. Hensel, W. Tilton, J. Dilbeck, and D. Schrader. 1993. Fertilization demonstrations for the tri-county potato production area of northeast Florida. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 106:190-198.
Locascio, S. J., and H. L. Breland. 1963. Irish potato yield and leaf composition as affected by dolomite and phosphorus. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 23:95-99.
Locascio, S. J., and R. D. Rhue. 1990. Phosphorus and micronutrient sources for potato. Amer. Pot. J. 67:217-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987262
Rhue, R. D., D. R. Hensel, and G. Kidder. 1986. Effect of K fertilization on yield and leaf nutrient concentrations of potatoes grown on a sandy soil. Amer. Pot. J. 63:665-681. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02852981
PUMPKIN
Swiader, J. M., J. G. Sullivan, J. A. Grunau, and F. Freiji. 1988. Nitrate monitoring for pumpkin production on dryland and irrigated soils. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 113:684-689. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.113.5.684
RADISH
Burdine, H. W. 1976. Radish responses to nitrogen source. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. of Fla. Proc. 35:59-63.
SNAP BEAN
Hemphill, D. D. Jr., and T. L. Jackson. 1982. Effect of soil acidity on yield and elemental concentration of bush bean, carrot, and nitrogen and lettuce. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107:740-744. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.107.5.740
Hochmuth, G., B. Hochmuth, and E. Hanlon. 1992. Comparison of various N scheduling methods for snap beans. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-5.
Hochmuth, G., B. Hochmuth, and E. Hanlon. 1992. Response of snap bean to nitrogen fertilization on a sandy soil. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-6.
Hochmuth, G., B. Hochmuth, and E. Hanlon. 1992. Field test of IFAS P and K recommendations for snap beans. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-15.
Mack, H. J. 1983. Fertilizer and plant density effects on yield performance and leaf nutrient concentration of bush snap beans. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108:574-578. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.108.4.574
Peck, N. H., G. E. MacDonald, and A. V. Gardner. 1989. Snap bean plant responses to sources and rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. HortScience 24:619-623. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.24.4.619
Palaniyandi, R., and C. B. Smith. 1978. Growth and nutrient interrelationships in snap beans as affected by several sources of potassium and magnesium. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103:109-113. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.103.1.109
Paterson, D. R., J. D. Dolwnes, N. H. Peck, H. Ozaki, K. B. Tyler, and S. C. Wiggans. 1966. Effects of nitrogen on yield, quality, and mineral uptake of 'Harvester' snap beans. Tex. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. MP 11 pp.
Rhoades, F. M., E. A. Hanlon, S. M. Olson, and G. J. Hochmuth, 1990. Responses of snap beans to N- and soil P and K. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 49.
Smith, C. B. 1977. Growth responses, nutrient leaf concentrations and interelement relationships of snap beans as affected by fertilizer treatment. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102:61-64. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.102.1.61
Smittle, D. A. 1976. Response of snap bean to irrigation, nitrogen fertilization, and plant population. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 101:37-40. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.101.1.37
Sutton, P., E. E. Albregts, and C. M. Howard. 1972. Influence of N and K on pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) response and soil and plant analysis. Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. of Fla. Proc. 32:136-138.
SOUTHERN PEA
Hochmuth, G., and B. Hochmuth. 1992. Southern pea response to nitrogen fertilization. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-7.
Johnson, W. A., and C. E. Evans. 1975. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization of southern peas for one-time harvest on a sandy soil. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 100(3):261-263. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.100.3.261
Stewart, F. B., and M. Reed. 1969. The effect of fertilizer on yield, growth, and mineral composition of southern peas. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 94:258-260. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.94.3.258
Worley, R. E., D. A. Hegwood, and S. A. Harmon. 1971. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on yield and leaf analysis of southern pea. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 96:531-533. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.96.4.531
SPINACH
Brown, J. R., V. N. Lambeth, and D. G. Blevins. 1969. Nutrient interaction effects on yield and chemical composition of spinach and green beans. Mo. Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull 963.
SQUASH
Hochmuth, G. J., and R. C. Hochmuth. 1992. Nitrogen fertilization of summer squash on a sandy soil. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-19.
Hochmuth, R. C., G. J. Hochmuth, and M. E. Donley. 1993. Responses of cabbage yields, head quality, and leaf nutrient status, and of second-crop squash, to poultry manure fertilization. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 52:126-130.
STRAWBERRY
Albregts, E. E., and P. Sutton. 1971. Response of strawberry to N and K fertilization on a sandy soil. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 31:114-116.
Albregts, E. E., C. M. Howard, and F. C. Martin. 1974. Influence of fertility level on yield response of strawberries. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 33:215-218.
Albregts, E. E., and C. M. Howard. 1980. Accumulation of nutrients by strawberry plants and fruit grown in annual hill culture. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 105:386-388. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.105.3.386
Albregts, E. E., and C. M. Howard. 1981. N, P, K composition of and accumulation by strawberry plant organs from transplanting through fruit harvest. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 40:30-33.
Albregts, E. E., and E. M. Howard. 1984. Strawberry Production in Florida. Fla. Agric. Exp. Sta., Bull. 841.
Albregts, E. E., and C. M. Howard. 1984. Boron application to strawberries. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 43:11-14.
Albregts, E. E., and C. M. Howard 1984. Effect of three slow release fertilizers on fruiting strawberries. Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 43:10-11.
Albregts, E. E., and C. M. Howard. 1986. Supplemental foliar fertilization of fruiting strawberries. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 99:329-331.
Albregts, E. E., and C. M. Howard. 1987. Fertilizer rate and method of application on fruiting strawberry. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 100:198-200.
Albregts, E. E., and C. M. Howard. 1987. Response of strawberry to foliar applications of Cu, Mn, and Zn. Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 46:89-91.
Albregts. E. E., G. J. Hochmuth, C. K. Chandler, J. Cornell, and J. Harrison. 1996. Potassium fertigation requirements of drip-irrigated strawberry. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121:164-168. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.121.1.164
Hall, C. B., and R. A. Dennison. 1956. Lime-induced manganese deficiency of strawberries. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 69:228-229.
Hochmuth, G. J., E. A. Albregts, C. C. Chandler, J. Cornell, and J. Harrison. 1996. Nitrogen fertilization requirements of drip-irrigated strawberries. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121:660-665. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.121.1.164
Locascio, S. J., and G. K. Saxena. 1967. Effects of potassium source and rate and nitrogen rate on strawberry tissue composition and fruit yield. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 80:173-176.
Locascio, S. J., J. M. Myers, and F. G. Martin. 1977. Frequency and rate of fertilization with trickle irrigation for strawberries. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102:456-458. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.102.4.456
Locascio, S. J., and F. G. Martin. 1985. Nitrogen source and application timing for trickle irrigated strawberries. J. Amer. Hort. Sci. 110:820-823. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.110.6.820
SWEET CORN
Forbes, R. B., J. B. Sartain, and N. R. Usherwood. 1984. Optimum K fertilization schedule for maximizing yields of cabbage, sweetcorn, and soybeans grown in a multiple cropping sequence. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 43: 64-68.
Hochmuth, G., B. Hochmuth, and M. Donley. 1992. Nitrogen fertilization of sweet corn on a sandy soil in northern Florida. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-8.
Hochmuth, G. 1994. Sweet corn response to N and K fertilization and to vitamins as growth enhancers. Suwannee Valley REC Report #94-01.
Hochmuth, G. J., E. Hanlon, S. O'Hair, J. Carranza, and M. Lamberts. 1995. On-farm evaluations of University of Florida N, P, and K recommendations for sweet corn on rockdale and marl soils. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 108:184-192.
Maynard, D. N., C. L. Thomson, R. A. Damon, Jr., D. A. Marini, W. Melnick, and R. A. Miller. 1971. Sweet corn leaf composition and its relationship to soil fertility. Mass. Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. No. 587.
Peck, N. H., G. E. MacDonald, and J. Barnard. 1988. Sweet corn seedling responses to band-applied nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 113:336-342. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.113.3.336
Peck, N. H., and G. E. MacDonald 1988. Sweet corn plant responses to P and K in the soil and to band-applied monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114:269-272. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.114.2.269
Rudert, B. D., and S. J. Locascio. 1979. Growth and tissue composition of sweet corn as affected by nitrogen source, nitrapyrin, and season. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104:520-523. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.104.4.520
Smith, C. B., B. B. Chubley, and D. Curwen. 1964. Yield, vigor, maturity, quality, and leaf composition of sweet corn as influenced by differential fertilizer treatments. Penn. Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 710.
Smith, C. B. 1984. Sweet corn growth responses and leaf concentrations as affected by lime types and fertilizer treatments in a five-year study. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109:572-577. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.109.4.572
Smittle, D. A., E. D. Threadgill, and W. E. Seigler. 1981. Sweet corn growth, yield, and nutrient uptake responses to tillage systems. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:49-53. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.106.1.49
Smittle, D. A. 1985. Sweet corn response to nitrogen source, nitrogen application methods and nitrapyrin. J. Fert. Issues 2:53-57.
Swiader, J. M., and J. M. Gerber. 1984. Seedling growth and nutrition status in early sweet corn in relation to phosphorus and zinc under controlled low temperatures. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109:535-539. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.109.2.150
Swiader, J. M., P. S. Mullen, and R. L. Becker. 1985. Nitrogen fertilization, nitrapyrin, and banded P on early sweet corn in sandy soil. Ill. Veg. Res. Rept.
Taber, H. G., and L. E. Peterson. 1979. Effect of nitrogen source and nitrapyrin on sweet corn. HortScience 14:34. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.14.1.34
White, J. M., R. V. Tyson, E. A. Hanlon, G. J. Hochmuth, C. A. Neal. 1996. Plant petiole sap testing for nitrogen and potassium in sweet corn grown on mineral soil. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 109:149-151.
Woodruff, J. R., and H. L. Musen. 1985. Corn yield response to starter fertilizer and sulfur in a coastal plain soil. J. Fert. Issues 2:47-52.
SWEET POTATO
Hammett, L. K., C. H. Miller, W. H. Swallow, and Christel Harden. 1984. Influence of N source, N rate, and K rate on the yield and mineral concentration of sweet potato. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109:294-298. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.109.3.294
Leonard, O. A., W. S. Anderson, and M. Gieger. 1949. Field studies on the mineral nutrition of the sweet potato. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 53:387-392.
Mascianica, M. P., R. R. Bellinder, B. Graves, R. D. Morse, and H. Talleyrand. 1985. Forecasting of N fertilizer requirements for sweet potatoes. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 110:358-361. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.110.3.358
Nicholaides III, J. J., H. F. Chancy, H. J. Mascagni, Jr., L. G. Wilson, and D. W. Eaddy. 1985. Sweet potato response to K and P fertilization. Agron. J. 77:466-470. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1985.00021962007700030024x
Spencer, J. A., and N. Ahmad. 1967. Plant nutrient deficiencies and related tissue composition of the sweet potato. Agron. J. 59:59-62 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1967.00021962005900010018x
Walker, D. W., and W. R. Woodson. 1987. Nitrogen rate and cultivar effects on nitrogen and nitrate concentrations of sweet potato leaf tissue. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 18:529-541. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628709367839
Worley, R. E., and S. A. Harmon. 1974. Effect of substituting Na for K on yield, quality, and leaf analysis of sweet potatoes grown on Tifton loamy sand. HortScience 9(6):580-581. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.9.6.580
TABLE BEET
Gupta, U. C., and J. A. Cutcliffe 1985. Boron nutrition of carrots and table beets grown in a boron deficient soil. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 16:509-516. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628509367623
Mack, H. J. 1979. Effects of row spacings, fertilizers, and harvest dates on table beets. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104:717-720. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.104.5.717
Mack, H. J. 1989. Effects of nitrogen, boron, and potassium on boron deficiency, leaf mineral concentrations, and yield of table beets. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 20:291-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628909368083
Peck, N. H., and G. E. MacDonald. 1972. Plant response to concentrated superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilizers IV. Table Beet (Betavulgaris L.). Search Agriculture 2 (14) N.Y. State Agri. Expt. Sta., Geneva, NY.
TOMATO
Carrijo, O. A. and G. Hochmuth. 2000. Tomato responses to preplant-incorporated or fertigated phosphorus on soils varying in Mehlich-1 extractable phosphorus. HortScience 35:67-72. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.35.1.67
Elamin, 0. M., and G. E. Wilcox. 1985. Effect of magnesium fertilization on yield and leaf composition of tomato plants. J. Plant Nutr. 8:999-1012. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904168509363402
Hochmuth, G. J., E. A. Hanlon, P. R. Gilreath, and K. D. Shuler. 1991. Effects of K rates on yield of tomato at three commercial production sites. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 50:169-172
Hochmuth, G., O. Carrijo, and K. Shuler. 1999. Tomato yield and fruit size did not respond to P fertilization of a sandy soil testing very high in Mehlich-1 P. HortScience 34:653-656. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.34.4.653
Jones, U. S., and T. L. Jones. 1978. Influence of polyethylene mulch and magnesium salts on tomatoes growing an loamy sand. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 42:918-922. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200060018x
Karlen, D. L., C. R. Camp, and M. L. Robbins. 1985. Fresh market tomato response to N and K fertilization and water management practices. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 16:71-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628509367588
Locascio, S. J., J. G. A. Fiskell, and F. G. Martin. 1984. Nitrogen sources and combinations for polyethylene mulched tomatoes. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 97:148-150.
Locascio, S. J., and A. G. Smajstrla. 1990. Trickle-irrigated tomato as affected by water quantity and N and K application timing. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc.
Locascio, S. J., G. J. Hochmuth, S. M. Olson, R. C. Hochmuth, A. Csizinszky, and K. D. Shuler. 1997. Potassium source and rate for polyethylene-mulched tomatoes. HortScience 32:1204-1207. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.32.7.1204
Locascio, S. J., G. J. Hochmuth, F. M. Rhoads, S. M. Olson, A. G. Smajstrla, and E. A. Hanlon. 1997. Nitrogen and potassium application scheduling effects on drip-irrigated tomato yield and leaf tissue analysis. HortScience 32:230-235. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.32.2.230
Mason, S. C., and G. E. Wilcox. 1982. Nitrogen status evaluation of tomato plants. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107:483-486. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.107.3.483
Miller, R. J., D. E. Rolston, R. S. Rauschkolb, and D. W. Wolfe. 1981. Labeled nitrogen uptake by drip-irrigated tomatoes. Agron. J. 73:265-270. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1981.00021962007300020006x
Persaud, N., S. J. Locascio, and C. M. Geraldson. 1977. Influence of fertilizer rate and placement and irrigation method on plant nutrient status, soil soluble salt, and root distribution of mulched tomatoes. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla Proc. 36:121-125.
Rhoads, F. M., S. M. Olson, G. J. Hochmuth, and E. A. Hanlon. 1995. Yield and petiole-sap nitrate levels of tomato with N rates applied preplant or fertigated. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla Proc. 55:9-12.
Rhue, R. D., and P. H. Everett. 1987. Response of tomatoes to lime and phosphorus on a sandy soil. Agron. J. 79:71-77. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1987.00021962007900010015x
Shuler, K., and G. Hochmuth. 1995. Field tests of phosphorus fertilization of tomato growing in high-P soils in Palm Beach County, Florida. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 108:227-232.
Wien, H. C., and P. L. Minotti. 1987. Growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of transplanted fresh-market tomatoes as affected by plastic mulch and initial nitrogen rate. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112:759-763. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.112.5.759
Worley, R. E. 1976. Response of tomato to pH of a coastal plain soil. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 101:460-462. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.101.4.460
TURNIP GREENS
Brantley, B. B. 1961. Effects of source and level of nitrogen on the yield and nitrogen content of turnip greens. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 77:503-507.
WATERMELON
Bhella, H. S. 1988. Effect of trickle irrigation and black mulch on growth, yield, and mineral composition of watermelon. HortScience 23:123-125. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.23.1.123
Elamin, O. M., and G. E. Wilcox. 1986. Manganese toxicity in watermelon plants as influenced by nitrogen form. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111(5):765-768. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.111.5.765
Elamin O. M., and G. E. Wilcox. 1986. Effect of magnesium and manganese nutrition on watermelon growth and manganese toxicity. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111:588-593. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.111.4.588
Elmstrom, G. W., and J. G. A. Fiskell. 1974. Watermelon yield response to supplemental magnesium. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 33:222-223.
Elmstrom, G. W., J. G. A. Fiskell, and F. G. Martin. 1973. Nutrient distribution in soil and watermelon plant uptake: effect of fertilizer timing, rate, and placement. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 32:154-158.
Hanlon, E. A., G. J. Hochmuth, and O. A. Diaz. 1991. Mehlich-1 soil-test calibration for watermelon: Cu, Zn, and Mn. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 22: 2077-2087 https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629109368559
Hochmuth, G. J., and E. A. Hanlon. 1988. Mehlich-I soil-test calibration for watermelons: phosphorus and potassium. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 48:40-43.
Hochmuth, G., and B. Hochmuth. 1992. Placement of N-P-K fertilizer for mulched, drip-irrigated watermelons. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-20.
Hochmuth, G., E. Hanlon, and B. Hochmuth. 1992. Foliar nutritional sprays did not improve yields or grade of watermelons or potatoes. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-26.
Hochmuth, G., E. Hanlon, and B. Hochmuth. 1992. Field-testing N recommendations for icebox and standard watermelons in north central Florida. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #92-27.
Hochmuth, G. J., E. A. Hanlon, and J. Cornell. 1993. Watermelon phosphorus requirements in soils with low Mechlich-1 extractable phosphorus. HortScience 28:630-632. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.28.6.630
Hochmuth, G., B. Hochmuth, and C. Vann. 1994. Watermelon responses to N and K fertilization - yield, leaf and petiole sap nutrient concentrations. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #94-06.
Hochmuth, G., R. Hochmuth. 1995. Effects of K rates and proportion of K supplied from controlled-release K on watermelon. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #95-9.
Hochmuth, G., R. Hochmuth, and C. Vann. 1996. Responses of watermelon yield and whole leaf and petiole sap N seasonal profiles to N fertilization. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #96-2.
Hochmuth, G., R. Hochmuth, and C. Vann. 1996. Responses of watermelon yield and whole leaf and petiole sap K seasonal profiles to K fertilization. Univ. Fla. Suwannee Valley REC Report #96-4.
Locascio, S. J. and G. J. Hochmuth. 2002. Watermelon production as influenced by lime, gypsum, and potassium. HortScience 37:322-324. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.37.2.322
Locascio, S. J., and J.G.A. Fiskell. 1966. Copper requirements of watermelon. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 90:568-575.
Locascio, S. J., P. H. Everett, and J. G. A. Fiskell. 1968. Effects of phosphorus sources and copper rates on watermelons. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 92:583-589.
Locascio, S. J., J. G. A. Fiskell, and H. W. Lundy. 1973. Watermelon response to sulfur-coated urea, mulches, and nitrogen rates. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 86:201-204.
Sundstrom, F. J., R. L. Edwards, R. J. Constantin, and D. W. Wells. 1983. Influence of soil acidity on watermelon leaf tissue mineral concentration and yield. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108:734-736. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.108.5.734