Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
The encyrtid parasitoid Ageniaspis citricola was first imported into Florida from Australia in 1994 in a classical biological control program against the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Hoy and Nguyen 1994a). A second strain of Ageniaspis citricola was introduced into Florida from Taiwan in 1997, although there is no evidence that this second strain ever established (Hoy and Nguyen 1997). The citrus leafminer was first detected in Florida in 1993, and quickly spread throughout all 860,000 acres of citrus, posing a serious threat to the state's citrus industry. The population of A. citricola from Australia quickly established and dispersed throughout the state, reaching parasitism levels near 100% in some areas (Hoy et al. 1995ab, Knapp et al. 1995, Bullock et al. 1996, Pomerinke and Stansly 1998). Ageniaspis citricola is consistently the dominant parasitoid of citrus leafminer in Florida. This document is EENY-285 one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: March 2003.
References
Alvarez JM. 2000. Use of molecular tools for discriminating between two populations of the citrus leafminer parasitoid Ageniaspis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Alvarez JM, Hoy MA. 2002. Evaluation of the ribosomal ITS2 DNA sequences in separating closely related populations of the parasitoid Ageniaspis(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95: 250-256. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0250:EOTRID]2.0.CO;2
Argov Y, Rossler Y. 1996. Introduction, release and recovery of several exotic natural enemies for biological control of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, in Israel. Phytoparasitica 24: 33-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02981451
Beattie GAC, Smith D. 1993. Citrus Leafminer. Agfact H2.AE.4, second ed. New South Wales, Australia.
Bullock RC, Killer EE, Pelosi RR. 1996. The release and distribution of Ageniaspis citricola in St. Lucie County, Florida. In Hoy MA (ed.) Managing the citrus leafminer, Proceedings of the International Conference, Orlando, Fl. April 2-25, 1996. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Cave R. Biological control of citrus leafminer in Honduras. 1996. In Hoy MA (ed.) Managing the citrus leafminer, Proceedings of the International Conference, Orlando, Fl. April 2-25, 1996. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Edwards OR, Hoy MA. 1998. Biology of Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 91: 654-660. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/91.5.654
Evans G. 1995. Discovery of the male of Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). FloridaEntomologist. 78: 134-36. https://doi.org/10.2307/3495677
Heppner JB. 1993. Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, in Florida (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Phyllocnistinae). Tropical Lepidoptera 4: 49-64.
Hoy MA, Nguyen R. 1994a. Classical biological control of the citrus leafminer in Florida. Citrus Industry (April): 22.
Hoy MA, Nguyen R. (1994b). Classical biological control of the citrus leafminer in Florida: a progress report. IPM Florida. http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu/agricultural/fruit/citrus/clm_hoy7.htm (16 April 2003).
Hoy MA, Nguyen R. 1994c. Current status of Ageniaspis citricola, a parasite of the citrus leafminer, in Florida. Citrus Industry (December): 30-32.
Hoy MA, Nguyen R. 1997. Classical biological control of the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrellaStainton. Tropical Lepidoptera 8: 1-19.
Hoy MA, Jeyaprakash A, Morakote R, Lo P, Nguyen R. 2000. Genomic analyses of two populations of Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) suggest that a cryptic species may exist. Biological Control 17: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1999.0775
Hoy MA, Johnson S, Nguyen R. 1996. Classical biological control of the citrus leafminer: in theory and practice. In Hoy MA (ed.) Managing the citrus leafminer, Proceedings of the International Conference, Orlando, Fl. April 2-25, 1996. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Hoy MA, Nguyen R, Hall D, Bullock R, Pomerinke M, Pena J, Browning H, Stansly P. 1995a. Establishment of citrus leafminer parasitoid, Ageniaspis citricola, in Florida. Citrus Industry (December): 12-17.
Hoy MA, Nguyen R, Hall D, Bullock R, Pomerinke M, Pena J, Browning H, Stansly P. 1995b. Distribution and abundance of Ageniaspis citricola, a parasite of the citrus leafminer in Florida. Citrus Industry (May): 51-52.
Johnson SJ, Vaughn A, Bourgeois WJ. 1996. Rearing and release methods for Ageniaspis citricolafor a classical biocontrol program of the citrus leafminer in Louisiana. In Hoy MA (ed.) Managing the citrus leafminer, Proceedings of the International Conference, Orlando, Fl. April 2-25, 1996. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Johnson SJ, Vaughn A, Bourgeois WJ. 1998. Biological control of the citrus leafminer in Louisiana. Louisiana Agric. Summer 1998, pp. 11-14.
Knapp J, Pena J, Stansly P, Heppner J, Yang Y. 1993. Citrus leafminer, a new pest of citrus in Florida. Citrus Industry (October): 42-43.
Knapp, J, Albrigo LG, Browning HW, Bullock RC, Heppner J, Hall D, Hoy MA, Nguyen R, Pena J, Stansly P. 1995. Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton: current status in Florida - 1995. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida. 35 pp.
Logvinovskaya TV. 1983. A new species of Ageniaspis Dahlbom 1857 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Vietnam. Entomological Review 62: 150-152.
Morakote R, Nanta P. 1996a. Managing the citrus leafminer in Thailand. In Hoy MA (ed.) Managing the citrus leafminer, Proceedings of the International Conference, Orlando, Fl. April 2-25, 1996. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Morakote R, Nanta P. 1996b. Natural enemies of citrus leafminer. In Hoy MA (ed.) Managing the citrus leafminer, Proceedings of the International Conference, Orlando, Fl. April 2-25, 1996. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Neale C, Smith D, Beattie GAC, Miles M. 1995. Importation, host specificity, testing, rearing and release of three parasitoids of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in eastern Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 34: 343-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1995.tb01352.x
Pomerinke MA, Stansly PA. 1996. Establishment and dispersal of Ageniaspis citricola in southwest Florida. In Hoy MA (ed.) Managing the citrus leafminer, Proceedings of the International Conference, Orlando, Fl. April 2-25, 1996. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Pomerinke MA, Stansly PA. (September 1998). Establishment of Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) for biological control of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Florida. Florida Entomologist. http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/fe81p361.html (16 April 2003). https://doi.org/10.2307/3495926
Smith JM, Hoy MA. (December 1995). Rearing methods for Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Cirrospilus quadristriatus(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) released in a classical biological control program for citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Florida Entomologist. http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/fe78p600.html (16 April 2003). https://doi.org/10.2307/3496045
Smith D, Neale C. 1996. Rearing techniques for citrus leafminer parasitoids in Queensland. In Hoy MA (ed.) Managing the citrus leafminer, Proceedings of the International Conference, Orlando, Fl. April 2-25, 1996. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Smith D, Beattie GAC. 1996. Australian citrus IPM and citrus leafminer. In Hoy MA (ed.) Managing the citrus leafminer, Proceedings of the International Conference, Orlando, Fl. April 2-25, 1996. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Ujiye T. 1996. Parasitoid fauna of the citrus leafminer in Japan, Taiwan and Thailand. In Hoy MA (ed.) Managing the citrus leafminer, Proceedings of the International Conference, Orlando, Fl. April 2-25, 1996. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Villanueva-Jimenez JA, Hoy MA. 1998. Toxicity of pesticides to the citrus leafminer and its parasitoid Ageniaspis citricola evaluated to assess their suitability for an IPM program in citrus nurseries. BioControl 43: 357-388. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009901511863
Villanueva-Jimenez JA, Hoy MA, Davies FS. 2000. Field evaluation of integrated pest management-compatible pesticides for the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and its parasitoid Ageniaspis citricola(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 93: 357-367. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-93.2.357
Yoder JA, Hoy MA. 1998. Differences in water relations among the citrus leafminer and two different populations of its parasitoid inhabiting the same apparent microhabitat. Entomologica Experimentalis et Appliciata 89: 169-173. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00396.x
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license.