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Abstract
Revised! ENH117, a 10-page illustrated fact sheet by Daniel F. Culbert, describes this unusual native cycad — its habitat and range, description, non-landscape uses, landscape characteristics and uses, propagation and pest management — and the rare atala butterfly for which it is the sole host — legal status, management, and atala gardening. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, March 2010.
References
Broome, T. 2006. The coontie of Florida. http://www.plantapalm.com/vce/cycadsof/coontie.htm.
Broschat, T. K., and A. W. Meerow. 1991. Betrock's reference guide to Florida landscape plants. Cooper City, FL: Betrock Information Systems.
Buish, C. S., and J. F. Morton. 1969. Native trees and plants for Florida landscaping. Bulletin No. 193, 108-111. Tallahassee: Florida Dept. of Ag. and Consumer Services.
Dehgan, B. 1983. Propagation and growth of cycads: A conservation strategy. Proc. Fla. State Horticultural Soc. 96: 137-139. http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1983%20Vol.%2096/137-139%20%28DEHGAN%29.pdf
Dickey, R. D., E. West, and H. Mowry. 1966. Native and exotic palms of Florida. Bulletin 152-A, 60-63. Gainesville, FL: Agricultural Extension Service, IFAS.
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Division of Plant Industry. FDACS/DPI rule 5B-40.0055 (c). http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/images/rule05B.pdf
Gilman, E. 1999. King sago (Cycas revoluta). FPS-162. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/shrubs/cycrev.pdf
Ibid. 2007. Queen sago (Cycas circinalis). FPS161. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FP161
Ibid. Zamia floridana coontie. FPS-617. Gainesville: University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FP617
Ibid. Zamia furfuracea cardboard plant, cardboard cycad. FPS-618. Gainesville: University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FP618
Mathews, R. 1982. Coastal plants of Florida: A key to good land management. Tallahassee: Florida Dept. of Ag and Consumer Services, Division of Forestry.
Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2008. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants (http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.
Baggett, H. D. 1982. Threatened Florida atala. In: Rare and endangered biota of Florida, Vol 6, Invertebrates, ed. R. Franz. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida.
Castner, J. L. 1986. Delicate balance. The Florida Naturalist 59(3):39.
Culbert, D. F. 1994. An IPM approach for the control of atala (Eumaeus atala) on Florida coonties (Zamia floridana). Proc. Fla. State Horticultural Soc. 107: 427-430. http://okeechobee.ifas.ufl.edu/FSHS.107.427-430.pdf
Florida atala hairstreak butterfly. 1983. In: IUCN invertebrate red book, 447-50.
Hall, D. W., and J. F.Butler. 2007. Atala, atala hairstreak, coontie hairstreak. http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/bfly/atala_hairstreak.htm
Kilmer, A. 1993. Atala butterflies need coontie palms, ocean air. Palm Beach Post, Nov. 21.
Landolt, P. J. 1984. The Florida atala butterfly, Eumaeus atala florida Rueber (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), in Dade County, Florida. Florida Entomologist 67(4):570-71. https://doi.org/10.2307/3494467
Rawson, G. W. 1961. The recent rediscovery of Eumaeus atala (Lycaenidae) in southern Florida. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 15(4):237-243.
Shimanski, D. 1993. Rare butterfly will wing it at new home. Vero Beach Press Journal, Dec. 12.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Endangered animal review. 50 CFR 17, Vol. 59, No. 219 (p. 59020). http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=I000
USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Species detail: Atala Eumaeus atala. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species?l=1480&chosen_state=12*Florida (accessed November, 2009).