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Abstract
EENY-458, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by Andrei Sourakov, is part of the Featured Creatures collection. It describes this black butterfly with white vertical stripes, which is similar to, but smaller than, the monarch butterfly — its synonymy, distribution, description, life cycle, hosts, and economic importance. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, June 2009.
References
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Opler, PA, Lotts K, Naberhaus T. (2009). Viceroy, Limenitis archippus (Cramer, 1776). Butterflies and Moths of North America. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species?l=1788 (17 June 2009).
Clark SH, Platt AP. 1969. Influence of photoperiod on development and larval diapause in the viceroy butterfly, Limenitis archippus. Journal of Insect Physiology 15: 1951-1957. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(69)90024-9
Hong JW, Platt AP. 1975. Critical photoperiod and daylength threshold differences between northern and southern populations of the butterfly Limenitis archippus. Journal of Insect Physiology 21: 1159-1165. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(75)90129-8
Mullen, SP. 2006. Wing pattern evolution and the origins of mimicry among North American admiral butterflies (Nymphalidae: Limenitis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39: 747-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.021
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Platt AP. 1975. Monomorphic mimicry in nearctic Limenitis butterflies: experimental hybridization of the L. arthemis-astyanax complex with L. archippus source. Evolution 29: 120-141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00820.x
Platt AP, Coppinger RP, Brower LP. 1971. Demonstration of the selective advantage of mimetic Limenitis butterflies presented to caged avian predators. Evolution 25: 692-701. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1971.tb01927.x
Ritland DB. 1991. Revising a classic butterfly mimicry scenario: demonstration of Mullerian mimicry between Florida viceroys (Limenitis archippus floridensis) and queens (Danaus gilippus berenice). Evolution 45: 918-934. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04360.x
Ritland DB, Brower LP. 1991. The viceroy butterfly is not a batesian mimic. Nature 350: 497-498. https://doi.org/10.1038/350497a0