Abstract
The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), has been recognized as a major pest of small grains for over 150 years. Described by Rondani, it was first placed in the genus Aphis (Rondani 1852) and later moved to the genus Toxoptera. There are about 40 recognized Schizaphis species worldwide with seven known from North America (Blackman and Eastop 2000). This document is EENY-353, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Published: July 2005.
EENY-353/IN634: Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) (ufl.edu)
References
Al-Mousawi AH, Richardson PE, Burton RL. 1983. Ultrastructural studies on greenbug (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding damage to susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars. Annals of the Entomological Society America 71: 964-971. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/76.6.964
Blackman RL, Eastop VF. 2000. Aphids on the World's Crops, An Identification and Information Guide, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., England.
Cronholm G, Knutson A, Parker R, Teetes G, Pendleton B. 1998. B-1220 Managing Insect and Mite Pests of Texas Sorghum. Texas Agricultural Extension Service. The Texas A&M University System. http://insects.tamu.edu/extension/publications/html/b-1220/B1220.html (18 July 2005).
Halbert SE, Nuessly GS. 2003. Species composition of Florida aphid fauna. In Aphids in a New Millenium. Simon JC, Dedryver CA, Rispe C, Hulle M [eds], Proceedings VIth International Symposium on Aphids. INRA Editions, Paris, France.
Harvey TL, Hackerott HL. 1969. Recognition of a greenbug biotype injurious to sorghum. Journal of Economic Entomology 62: 776-779. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/62.4.776
Hays DB, Porter DR, Webster JA, Carver BF. 1999. Feeding behavior of biotypes E and H greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) on previously infested near-isolines of barley. Journal of Economic Entomology 92: 1223-1229. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/92.5.1223
Ingram JW, Summers EM. 1938. Transmission of sugarcane mosaic by the greenbug (Toxoptera graminum Rond.). Journal of Agricultural Research 56: 537-540.
Michels Jr GJ. 1986. Graminaceous North American host plants of the greenbug with notes on biotypes. Southwestern Entomologist 11: 55-66.
Murphy HC. 1959. The epidemic of barley yellow dwarf on oats in 1959: Introduction. Plant Disease Reporter Supplement 262: 316.
Nault LR, Bradley RHE. 1969. Acquisition of maize dwarf mosaic virus by the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum. Annals of the Entomological Society America 62: 403-406. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/62.2.403
Nuessly GS, Nagata RT, Beiriger RL, Scully BT, Halbert S. 2004. Aphid Damaging Seashore Paspalum. Florida Turf Digest Jan/Feb: 24.
Nuessly GS, Nagata RT. (2005). Evaluation of insecticides for control of greenbug on seashore paspalum, 2004. Arthropod Management Tests, Entomological Society of America, http://www.entsoc.org/ (30 June 2005). https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/30.1.G42
Rondani C. 1852. Aphis graminum n. sp. Nuove Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna. 6: 9-11.
Street JR, Randell R, Clayton G. 1978. Greenbug damage found on Kentucky bluegrass. Weeds, Trees and Turf 17: 26.
Webster FM, Phillips WJ. 1912. The spring grain aphis or "greenbug." U.S. Bureau Entomological Bulletin 110. 153 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.58756