Electronic Cigarette Companies’ Twitter Messages: Public Interest (Mis)communication
##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##:
https://doi.org/10.32473/jpic.v3.i1.p66关键词:
Electronic cigarettes, Social media advertising, Twitter, Public interest communications, Vaping摘要
Despite increased controversies over the health effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), little is known about how the public interest issue has been discussed by e-cigarette companies on social media. Using arguments from the theory of planned behavior as a guide, this study examines how e-cigarette companies engage with potential customers on Twitter. Using quantitative content analysis, this study examined 525 tweets from the top five e-cigarette companies that occurred between July 9, 2016, and September 9, 2016, one month before and after the U.S Food and Drug Administration implemented a new regulation limiting sales and distribution of tobacco products to minors. Results indicate that the deeming did not affect e-cigarette companies’ message strategies on Twitter. Theoretical and practical applications for public interest communications are discussed.
参考
Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, personality, and behavior (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Open University Press.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviors. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Akers, R. L., & Lee, G. (1996). A longitudinal test of social learning theory: Adolescent smoking. Journal of Drug Issues, 26(2), 317-343. doi:10.1177/002204269602600203
Baek, T. H., & Mayer, M. (2010). Sexual imagery in cigarette advertising before and after the master settlement agreement. Health Communication, 25(8), 747-757. doi:10.1080/10410236.2010.521917
Bahl, V., Lin, S., Xu, N., Davis, B., Wang, Y. H., & Talbot, P. (2012). Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models. Reproductive Toxicology, 34(4), 529-537. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.08.001
Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal of Communication, 28(3), 12-29. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.x
Biener, L., & Siegel, M. (2000). Tobacco marketing and adolescent smoking: More support for a causal inference. American Journal of Public Health, 90(3), 407. doi:10.2105/AJPH.90.3.407
Cobb, N. K., Byron, M. J., Abrams, D. B., & Shields, P. G. (2010). Novel nicotine delivery systems and public health: The rise of the “e-cigarette”. American Journal of Public Health, 100(12), 2340-2342. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.199281
Choi, W. S., Ahluwalia, J. S., Harris, K. J., & Okuyemi, K. (2002). Progression to established smoking: The influence of tobacco marketing. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22(4), 228-233. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00420-8
Chu, K. H., Unger, J. B., Allem, J. P., Pattarroyo, M., Soto, D., Cruz, T. B., & Yang, C. C. (2015). Diffusion of messages from an electronic cigarette brand to potential users through Twitter. PloS One, 10(12), e0145387. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145387
Chung, P. J., Garfield, C. F., Rathouz, P. J., Lauderdale, D. S., Best, D., & Lantos, J. (2002). Youth targeting by tobacco manufacturers since the Master Settlement Agreement. Health Affairs, 21(2), 254-263. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.254
Chung, E., & Yoon, J. (2013). An analysis of image use in Twitter message. Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for Library and Information Science, 24(4), 75-90. doi:10.14699/biblia.2013.24.4.075
Clark, E. M., Jones, C. A., Williams, J. R., Kurti, A. N., Nortotsky, M. C., Danforth, C. M., & Dodds, P. S. (2015). Vaporous marketing: Uncovering pervasive electronic cigarette advertisements on Twitter. PloS One, 11(17), e0157304. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157304
Cole-Lewis, H., Pugatch, J., Sanders, A., Varghese, A., Posada, S., Yun, C., & Augustson, E. (2015). Social listening: A content analysis of e-cigarette discussions on Twitter. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(10), 1-14. doi:10.2196/jmir.4969
Cooper, M., Case, K. R., Loukas, A., Creamer, M. R., & Perry, C. L. (2016). E-cigarette dual users, exclusive users and perceptions of tobacco products. American Journal of Health Behavior, 40(1), 108-116. doi:10.5993/AJHB.40.1.12
Dai, H., Deem, M. J., & Hao, J. (2017). Geographic variations in electronic cigarette advertisements on Twitter in the United States. International Journal of Public Health, 62(4), 479-487. doi:10.1007/s00038-016-0906-9
Dalton, M. A., Sargent, J. D., Beach, M. L., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Gibson, J. J., Ahrens, M. B., & Heatherton, T. F. (2003). Effect of viewing smoking in movies on adolescent smoking initiation: a cohort study, The Lancet, 362(9380), 281-285. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13970-0
Demetrious, K. (2017). Contemporary publics, Twitter and the story of PR: Exploring corporate interventions to promote “Clean Coal” in Australia. The Journal of Public Interest Communications, 1(1), 94-113. doi:10.32473/jpic.v1.i1.p94
Dixon, H. G., Scully, M. L., Wakefield, M. A., White, V. M., & Crawford, D. A. (2007). The effects of television advertisements for junk food versus nutritious food on children's food attitudes and preferences. Social Science and Medicine, 65(7), 1311-1323. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.011
Downes, E. (2017). “Doing Good” scholarship: Considerations for building positive social change through the emerging field of public interest communications. The Journal of Public Interest Communications, 1(1), 31-44. doi:10.32473/jpic.v1.i1.p31
D’Ruiz, C. D., Graff, D. W., & Robinson, E. (2016). Reductions in biomarkers of exposure, impacts on smoking urge and assessment of product use and tolerability in adult smokers following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 543.
doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3236-1
Dube, S. R., Arrazola, R. A., Lee, J., Engstrom, M., & Malarcher, A. (2013). Pro-tobacco influences and susceptibility to smoking cigarettes among middle and high school students—United States, 2011. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(5), S45-S51. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.07.007
Duke, J. C., Lee, Y. O., Kim, A. E., Watson, K. A., Arnold, K. Y., Nonnemaker, J. M., & Porter, L. (2014). Exposure to electronic cigarette television advertisements among youth and young adults. Pediatrics, 134(1), e29-e-36. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0269
Emery, S., Wakefield, M. A., Terry-McElrath, Y., Saffer, H., Szczypka, G., O’Malley, P. M., & Flay, B. (2005). Televised state-sponsored antitobacco advertising and youth smoking beliefs and behavior in the United States, 1999-2000. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 159(7), 639-645. doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.7.639
Fessmann, J. (2017). Conceptual foundations of public interest communications. The Journal of Public Interest Communications, 1(1), 16-30. doi:10.32473/jpic.v1.i1.p16
Freeman, B. (2012). New media and tobacco control. Tobacco Control, 21(2), 139-144. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050193
Grana, R., Benowitz, N., & Glantz, S. A. (2014). E-cigarettes. Circulation, 129(19), 1972-1986. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.007667
Grana, R. A., Popova, L., & Ling, P. M. (2014). A longitudinal analysis of electronic cigarette use and smoking cessation. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(5), 812-813. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.187
Grana, R. A., & Ling, P. M. (2014). Smoking revolution”: A content analysis of electronic cigarette retail websites. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46(4), 395-403. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.12.010
Hale, J. L., Householder, B. J., & Greene, K. L. (2002). The theory of reasoned action. In J. P. Dillard & M. Pfau (Eds.). The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice. (pp. 259-286). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hamilton, W. L., Turner-Bowker, D. M., Celebucki, C. C., & Connolly, G. N. (2002). Cigarette advertising in magazines: The tobacco industry response to the Master Settlement Agreement and to public pressure. Tobacco Control, 11(suppl 2), ii54-ii58. doi:10.1136/tc.11.suppl_2.ii54
Harris, J. K., Moreland-Russell, S., Choucair, B., Mansour, R., Staub, M., & Simmons, K. (2014). Tweeting for and against public health policy: Response to the Chicago Department of Public Health's electronic cigarette Twitter campaign. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(10), e238. doi:10.2196/jmir.3622
Hajek, P., Etter, J. F., Benowitz, N., Eissenberg, T., & McRobbie, H. (2014). Electronic cigarettes: Review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit. Addiction, 109(11), 1801-1810. doi:10.1111/add.12659
Harakeh, Z., Scholte, R. H., Vermulst, A. A., de Vries, H., & Engels, R. C. (2004). Parental factors and adolescents' smoking behavior: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. Preventive Medicine, 39(5), 951-961. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.03.036
Hayes, A. F., & Krippendorff, K. (2007). Answering the call for a standard reliability measure for coding data. Communication Methods and Measures, 1(1), 77-89. doi:10.1080/19312450709336664
Hébert, E. T., Case, K. R., Kelder, S. H., Delk, J., Perry, C. L., & Harrell, M. B. (2017). Exposure and engagement with tobacco-and e-cigarette–related social media. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(3), 371-377. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.04.003.
Hoefges, R. M. (2013). The strong First Amendment right to promote lawful products. In: Pardun C.J, (Ed.), Advertising and Society: An Introduction (pp. 4-73). Hoboken, NJ; John Wiley & Sons.
Huang, J., Kornfield, R., Szczypka, G., & Emery, S. L. (2014). A cross-sectional examination of marketing of electronic cigarettes on Twitter. Tobacco Control, 23(suppl 3), iii26-iii30. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051551
Hallahan, K., Holtzhausen, D., Van Ruler, B., Verčič, D., & Sriramesh, K. (2007). Defining strategic communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 1(1), 3-35. doi:10.1080/15531180701285244
Kelley, K. (2005). The effects of non-normal distributions on confidence intervals around the standardized mean difference: Bootstrap and parametric confidence intervals. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65(1), 51-69. doi:10.1177/0013164404264850
King III, C., & Siegel, M. (2001). The Master Settlement Agreement with the tobacco industry and cigarette advertising in magazines. New England Journal of Medicine, 345(7), 504-511. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa003149
Kowitt, S. D., Goldstein, A. O., Schmidt, A. M., Hall, M. G., & Brewer, N. T. (2017). Attitudes toward FDA regulation of newly deemed tobacco products. Tobacco Regulatory Science, 3(4), 504-515. doi:10.18001/TRS.3.4.10
Krishnan-Sarin, S., Morean, M. E., Camenga, D. R., Cavallo, D. A., & Kong, G. (2014). E-cigarette use among high school and middle school adolescents in Connecticut. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 17(7), 810-818. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu243
LaRose, R., & Eastin, M. S. (2004). A social cognitive theory of Internet uses and gratifications: Toward a new model of media attendance. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48(3), 358-377. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4803_2
Lazard, A. J., Saffer, A. J., Wilcox, G. B., Chung, A.D., Mackert, M. S., & Bernhardt, J. M. (2016). E-Cigarette social media messages: A text mining analysis of marketing and consumer conversations on Twitter. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 2(2), e171. doi:10.2196/publichealth.6551
Link, A. R., Cawkwell, P. B., Shelley, D. R., & Sherman, S. E. (2015). An exploration of online behaviors and social media use among hookah and electronic-cigarette users. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 2, 37-40. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2015.05.006
Linke, A., & Zerfass, A. (2012). Future trends in social media use for strategic organisation communication: Results of a Delphi study. Public Communication Review, 2(2), 17-29. doi:10.5130/pcr.v2i2.2736
Lombard, M., Snyder‐Duch, J., & Bracken, C. C. (2002). Content analysis in mass communication: Assessment and reporting of intercoder reliability. Human Communication Research, 28(4), 587-604. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00826.x
Luo, C., Zheng, X., Zeng, D. D., & Leischow, S. (2014). Portrayal of electronic cigarettes on YouTube. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1028. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1028
Mackey, T. K., Miner, A., & Cuomo, R. E. (2015). Exploring the e-cigarette e-commerce marketplace: Identifying Internet e-cigarette marketing characteristics and regulatory gaps. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 156, 97-103. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.032
Mantey, D. S., Cooper, M. R., Clendennen, S. L., Pasch, K. E., & Perry, C. L. (2016). E-cigarette marketing exposure is associated with e-cigarette use among US youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(6), 686-690. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.003
Marozzo, F., & Bessi, A. (2018). Analyzing polarization of social media users and news sites during political campaigns. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 8(1), 1-17. doi:10.1007/s13278-017-0479-5
Moan, I. S. V., & Rise, J. (2006). Predicting smoking reduction among adolescents using an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour. Psychology and Health, 21(6), 717-738. doi:10.1080/14768320600603448
Moreno, M. A., & Whitehill, J. M. (2014). Influence of social media on alcohol use in adolescents and young adults. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews, 36(1), 91-100.
Neiger, B. L., Thackeray, R., Van Wagenen, S. A., Hanson, C. L., West, J. H., Barnes, M. D., & Fagen, M. C. (2012). Use of social media in health promotion: Purposes, key performance indicators, and evaluation metrics. Health Promotion Practice, 13(2), 159-164. doi:10.1177/1524839911433467
Ott, H. K., Vafeiadis, M., Kumble, S., & Waddell, T. F. (2016). Effect of message interactivity on product attitudes and purchase intentions. Journal of Promotion Management, 22(1), 89-106. doi:10.1080/10496491.2015.1107011
Paredes, V., Cantu, V. C., & Graf, N. M. (2013). The Impact of Reality Television on the Alcohol-Related Beliefs and Behaviors of Hispanic College Students. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 57(1), 23-45.
Phua, J., Jin, S. V., & Hahm, J. M. (2017). Celebrity-endorsed e-cigarette brand Instagram advertisements: Effects on young adults’ attitudes towards e-cigarettes and smoking intentions. Journal of Health Psychology. doi:10.1177/1359105317693912
Pierce, J. P., & Gilpin, E. A. (2004). How did the Master Settlement Agreement change tobacco industry expenditures for cigarette advertising and promotions? Health Promotion Practice, 5(3_suppl), 84S-90S. doi:10.1177/1524839904264600
Plowman, K. D., & Wilson, C. (2018). Strategy and tactics in strategic communication: Examining their intersection with social media use. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(2), 125-144. doi:10.1080/1553118X.2018.1428979
Pokhrel, P., Fagan, P., Kehl, L., & Herzog, T. A. (2015). Receptivity to e-cigarette marketing, harm perceptions, and e-cigarette use. American Journal of Health Behavior, 39(1), 121-131. doi:10.5993/AJHB.39.1.13
Pokhrel, P., Fagan, P., Herzog, T. A., Laestadius, L., Buente, W., Kawamoto, C. T., ... & Unger, J. B. (2018). Social media e-cigarette exposure and e-cigarette expectancies and use among young adults. Addictive behaviors, 78, 51-58. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.10.017
Pressgrove, G., & Pardun, C. J. (2016). Relationship between personal technology use and the donor/volunteer: A parasocial approach. Journal of Promotion Management, 22(1), 137-150. doi:10.1080/10496491.2015.1107012
Richardson, A., Ganz, O., & Vallone, D. (2014). Tobacco on the web: Surveillance and characterisation of online tobacco and e-cigarette advertising. Tobacco Control, 24(4), 341-347. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051246
Rifkin, J. (2015, April), E-Cigarettes Are Now More Popular with Young People Than Regular Cigarettes. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/16/e-cigarettes-smoking-health_n_7080548.html
Rodu, B. (2016, August 18). Low-tar cigarettes had merit, said American Cancer Society; So do e-cigarettes [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.rstreet.org/2016/08/18/low-tar-cigarettes-had-merit-said-american-cancer-society-so-do-e-cigarettes/
Salloum, R. G., Osman, A., Maziak, W., & Thrasher, J. F. (2015). How popular is waterpipe tobacco smoking? Findings from internet search queries. Tobacco Control, 24(5), 509-513. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051675
Schripp, T., Markewitz, D., Uhde, E., & Salthammer, T. (2013). Does e‐cigarette consumption cause passive vaping? Indoor Air, 23(1), 25-31. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00792.x
Starr, C., & Ferguson, G. (2012). Sexy dolls, sexy grade-schoolers? Media and maternal influences on young girls' self-sexualization. Sex Roles, 67(7-8), 463-476. doi:10.1007/s11199-012-0183-x
Stieglitz, S., & Dang-Xuan, L. (2013). Emotions and information diffusion in social media—sentiment of microblogs and sharing behavior. Journal of Management Information Systems, 29(4), 217-248. doi:10.2753/MIS0742-1222290408
Trtchounian, A., & Talbot, P. (2011). Electronic nicotine delivery systems: Is there a need for regulation? Tobacco Control, 20(1), 47-52. doi:10.1136/tc.2010.037259
U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. (2016). FDA's New Regulations for E-Cigarettes, Cigars, and All Other Tobacco Products. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/Labeling/RulesRegulationsGuidance/ucm394909.htm
Vance, K., Howe, W., & Dellavalle, R. P. (2009). Social internet sites as a source of public health information. Dermatologic Clinics, 27(2), 133-136. doi:10.1016/j.det.2008.11.010
Vandewater, E. A., Clendennen, S. L., Hébert, E. T., Bigman, G., Jackson, C. D., Wilkinson, A. V., & Perry, C. L. (2018). Whose post is it? Predicting E-cigarette brand from social media posts. Tobacco Regulatory Science, 4(2), 30-43. doi:10.18001/TRS.4.2.3
Yanovitzky, I., & Stryker, J. (2001). Mass media, social norms, and health promotion efforts: A longitudinal study of media effects on youth binge drinking. Communication Research, 28(2), 208-239. doi:10.1177/009365001028002004
Villanti, A., Boulay, M., & Juon, H.S. (2011). Peer, parent and media influences on adolescent smoking by developmental stage. Addictive Behaviors, 36(1), 133-136. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.018
Wagner, C. B., & Sundar, S. S. (2008). The curiosity-arousing function of anti-drug ads. The Open Communication Journal, 2, 43-59. doi:10.2174/1874916X00802010043
##submission.downloads##
##submission.additionalFiles##
已出版
期
栏目
##submission.license##
By submitting to the Journal of Public Interest Communications, the author(s) agree to the terms of the Author Agreement. All authors retain copyrights associated with their article contributions and agree to make such contributions available under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY NC) 4.0 upon publication.
Author Agreement
This agreement takes effect upon acceptance of the Submission for publication in JPIC.
- I hereby grant to the University of Florida (“the University”) the non-exclusive right to retain, reproduce and distribute the Submission in whole or in part, in print and electronic format and in any medium. This agreement does not represent a transfer of copyright to the University.
- The University may make and keep multiple copies of the work for purposes of security, backup, preservation and access; and may migrate the work to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation and access.
- I represent and warrant to the University that the work is my original work and that I have the authority as sole author or I have the authority on behalf of my co-authors to grant the rights contained in this agreement. I also represent that the work does not, to the best of my knowledge, infringe or violate any rights of others.
- I further represent and warrant that I have obtained all necessary rights to permit the University to reproduce and distribute the work, including any third-party material. Alternatively, I represent that my use of any third-party material is allowed because the material is not in copyright or I have performed a fair use analysis and reasonably believe my use is permitted. Any content owned by a third party is clearly identified and acknowledged within the work.
- I grant these same rights to the George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida. Additionally, I grant the right to both the University and Smathers Libraries to enter into agreements with third-party entities and the rights necessary to host, print, index and abstract the Submission.
Open Access and Self-Archiving
JPIC follows an open-access publishing model, meaning that all articles will be publicly accessible on the Internet immediately upon publication. I understand that I may share the submitted manuscript (preprint) of the Submission on the Internet at any point before or after publication, with a citation and link to the final version of record to be added as soon as the issue is available. I may disseminate the final peer-reviewed version at any point after publication.
Creative Commons License
JPIC applies a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY NC) 4.0 to encourage sharing and reuse of content and to maximize the impact of published research. By publishing in JPIC, I agree that the terms of this license will be applied to the Submission. Smathers Libraries (copyright@uflib.ufl.edu) may be able to offer additional information.
By granting this license, I acknowledge that I have read and agreed to the terms of this agreement.