Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae): patterns of spatial distribution, abundance, and relationship with weather in three environments of midwestern Brazil
Keywords:
aggregation index, fruit fly, native forest, orchard, species richnessAbstract
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are a major problem in the global production of fruits and vegetables. Thus, information about spatial distribution and population dynamics of pest species is important for horticulture. The objectives of this study were to evaluate quantitatively the occurrence of Anastrepha Schiner species captured in McPhail traps throughout the year in a native forest, a backyard orchard, and a commercial orchard; to describe the spatial distribution type of Anastrepha species in those environments; and to investigate the relationship between Anastrepha species abundance and weather. Anastrepha species adults were sampled weekly, but the data were pooled by mo before analysis of all environments, and for each environment separately. We found a relationship between abundance of Anastrepha species and the seasons. In general, winter was the season with greatest abundance and species richness. Among the environments, we found greatest abundance and species richness in the backyard orchard, followed by the native forest, and the commercial orchard. In the latter environment, we found a higher abundance of Anastrepha species in summer, and greater species richness in the spring. Anastrepha species adults showed an aggregated spatial distribution. Relative humidity and wind speed influenced the number of Anastrepha species caught in the traps.
Resumen
Las moscas de la fruta (Diptera: Tephritidae) son un problema importante en la producción de frutas y verduras a nivel mundial. Por lo tanto, la información sobre su distribución espacial y dinámica poblacional de las especies son importantes para la fruticultura/horticultura. Los objetivos de esta investigación son: Evaluar cuantitativamente la presencia de especies de Anastrepha Schiner capturadas en trampas McPhail durante las estaciones en: bosque nativo, huerto de patio y huerta comercial; conocer el tipo de distribución espacial de la especie Anastrepha en esos ambientes y buscar alguna relación entre las poblaciones de las especies de Anastrepha y el clima. Los adultos de las especies de Anastrepha se muestrearon semanalmente, pero los datos se agruparon por mes, antes del análisis: general y para cada ambiente. Hubo una relación positiva entre las poblaciones de especies de Anastrepha y las estaciones. En general, el invierno es la estación con mayor abundancia y mayor riqueza de especies. Entre los ambientes, hubo mayor abundancia y riqueza de especies en el huerto de patio, seguido por el bosque nativo y el huerto comercial. En este último, hubo mayor abundancia en verano y mayor riqueza de especies en la primavera. Los adultos de las especies de Anastrepha muestran distribución espacial agregada. Hay influencias de la humedad relativa y la velocidad del viento en la abundancia de especies de Anastrepha capturadas en las trampas.
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