Genomic analysis reveals hidden species diversity in Emesis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)

Abstract

Genomic analysis of Emesis [Fabricius], 1807 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae Grote, 1895) reveals species richness higher than anticipated. As a result, one subgenus, 22 species, and one subspecies are proposed as new (type species or type localities in parenthesis): Diogenia Grishin, new subgenus (Emesis diogenia Prittwitz, 1865), Emesis (Emesis) aerunda Grishin, new species (Peru: Rio Pachitea, Monte Alegre), Emesis (Emesis) bartica Grishin, new species (Guyana: Cuyuni-Mazaruni), Emesis (Emesis) fatimellina Grishin, new species (Brazil: Santa Catarina), Emesis (Emesis) panamella Grishin, new species (Panama: Darién), Emesis (Mandania) mandora Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Santo Domingo), Emesis (Mandania) manduza Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Emesis (Tenedia) nimia Grishin, new species (Panama: Chiriquí), Emesis (Tenedia) faria Grishin, new species (Mexico: Tamaulipas), Emesis (Tenedia) leona Grishin, new species (Mexico: Nuevo León), Emesis (Tenedia) subangularis Grishin, new species (Argentina: Salta), Emesis (Tenedia) alisada Grishin, new species (Peru: Piura), Emesis (Tenedia) flecta Grishin, new species (Bolivia: La Paz), Emesis (Poeasia) sonorensis Grishin, new species (Mexico: Sonora), Emesis (Brimia) apagada Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Emesis (Brimia) boliviana Grishin, new species (Bolivia: La Paz), Emesis (Aphacitis) aurichica Grishin, new species (Mexico: Chiapas), Emesis (Aphacitis) auripana Grishin, new
species (Panama: Darién), Emesis (Aphacitis) pruinapicalis Grishin, new species (Panama: Darién), Emesis (Aphacitis) furvescens Grishin, new species (Panama: Darién), Emesis (Aphacitis) pallescens Grishin, new species (Panama: Panamá), Emesis (Aphacitis) andigna Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Emesis (Aphacitis) luxata Grishin, new species (Brazil: São Paulo), and Emesis (Mandania) russula sudesta Grishin, new subspecies (Brazil: Paraná). The following five taxa are species (not subspecies): Emesis (Emesis) cronina Schaus,1928, reinstated status (not Emesis (Emesis) cereus (Linnaeus, 1767)), Emesis (Emesis) nobilata Stichel, 1910, new status (not Emesis (Emesis) fatimella Westwood, 1851), Emesis (Tenedia) tristis Stichel, 1929, reinstated status (not Emesis (Tenedia) lupina Godman and Salvin, 1886), Emesis (Tenedia) paphia R. Felder, 1869,reinstated status (not Emesis (Tenedia) cypria C. Felder and R. Felder, 1861), and Emesis (Aphacitis) parvissima Kaye, 1921, new status (not Emesis (Aphacitis) lucinda (Cramer, 1775). Emesis tenedia ab. fasciata E.Strand, 1916, an unavailable name, is a synonym of Emesis (Tenedia) tenedia C. Felder and R. Felder, 1861, not Emesis (Tenedia) lupina Godman and Salvin, 1886. Lectotypes are designated for five species (type localities in parenthesis): Emesis russula Stichel, 1910 (Bolivia: La Paz), Emesis tenedia C. Felder and R. Felder,1861 (Venezuela), Emesis poeas Godman, 1901 (Mexico: Guerrero, Acapulco), Emesis castigata Stichel, 1910 (Peru: Pozuzo), and Emesis condigna Stichel, 1925 (Brazil: Pará). Finally, an updated synonymic list of Emesis is provided. The list covers seven valid subgenera and 71 valid species with 14 additional subspecies.