Does diet of prey affect life table parameters of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)?
Keywords:
Asopinae, biological control, Glycine max, Heteroptera,Abstract
Abstract
Podisus nigrispinus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is reared in the laboratory and released for biological control programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using life tables, P. nigrispinus development when fed on Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) reared on different diets, or with the alternative prey Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Podisus nigrispinus was reared with soybean plants supplemented with A. gemmatalis caterpillars fed an artificial diet (T1), with soybean plants supplemented with caterpillars fed soybean leaves (T2), with soybean plants supplemented with T. molitor pupae (T3), or with soybean plants supplemented with A. gemmatalis pupae from caterpillars fed soybean leaves (T4). The duration of instar V and of the total nymph period of this predator were longer when preying caterpillars fed soybean plants (T2). The survival of the nymph stage was greater when fed on soybean plants with T. molitor pupae (T3), with A. gemmatalis caterpillars fed on soybean plants (T2), and with A. gemmatalis caterpillars fed an artificial diet (T1), relative to A. gemmatalis pupae from caterpillars fed soybean leaves (T4). The weights of instar V nymphs and of adult male and female P. nigrispinus were greater when fed with T. molitor pupae (T3). Life table parameters showed population growth for this predator in all treatments except when fed with A. gemmatalis pupae (T4). The net reproductive rate (Ro), the duration of a generation (DG), and time to double the population (TD) of P. nigrispinus displayed higher values when fed with caterpillars cultured on soybean (T2) and with T. molitor pupae (T3). The rates of increase (λ and rm) value were positive in all treatments. Anticarsia gemmatalis pupae from caterpillars fed soybean leaves (T4) are inadequate prey for P. nigrispinus. Anticarsia gemmatalis caterpillars fed soybean leaves (T2) or T. molitor pupae (T3) are a more suitable food for rearing this predator than A. gemmatalis caterpillars fed an artificial diet (T1).
Resumo
Podisus nigrispinus Dallas (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) é criado em laboratório e liberado em programas de controle biológico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, utilizando tabelas de vida, o desenvolvimento de P. nigrispinus quando alimentado com Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), criado em diferentes dietas ou com a presa alternativa Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Podisus nigrispinus foi criado sobre plantas de soja suplementadas com lagartas de A. gemmatalis alimentadas com uma dieta artificial (T1), sobre plantas de soja com lagartas alimentadas com folhas de soja (T2), sobre plantas de soja com pupas de T. molitor (T3), ou sobre plantas de soja com pupas de A. gemmatalis de lagartas alimentadas com folhas de soja (T4). A duração do V ínstar e do período ninfal total deste predador foram mais longos quando consumiram lagartas alimentadas com soja (T2). A sobrevivência de ninfas foi maior quando alimentadas com pupas de T. molitor (T3), com lagartas de A. gemmatalis alimentadas com folhas de soja (T2) e com lagartas de A. gemmatalis alimentadas com dieta artificial (T1), respectivamente. O peso de ninfas de V estádio e de machos e fêmeas de P. nigrispinus foi maior com pupas de T. molitor (T3). Os parâmetros da tabela de vida mostraram crescimento populacional para este predador em todos os tratamentos, exceto quando o predador foi alimentado com pupas de A. gemmatalis (T4). A taxa reprodutiva líquida (Ro), duração de uma geração (DG) e tempo para dobrar a população (TD) de P. nigrispinus apresentaram valores melhores quando alimentados com lagartas que consumiram folhas de soja (T2) e T. molitor (T3). As taxas de aumento (λ e rm) foram positivas em todos os tratamentos. Pupas de A. gemmatalis alimentadas com folhas de soja (T4) são presas inadequadas para P. nigrispinus. Lagartas de Anticarsia gemmatalis alimentadas com folhas de soja (T2) ou pupas de T. molitor (T3) são presas mais adequadas para a criação deste predador que aqueles indivíduos dessa presa criados com dieta artificial (T1).
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