Phytosanitary irradiation of Diatraea saccharalis, D. grandiosella, and Eoreuma loftini (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Keywords:
generic treatment dose, ionizing radiation, quarantine treatment, invasive species, phytosanitation, Diaprepes abbreviatusAbstract
Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) is increasingly being used to disinfest horticultural commodities of invasive quarantine pests. Most disinfestation is done with generic treatments, where the same dose is applied against a group of pest species and/or commodities. The current generic treatment used by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-APHIS) against Class Insecta—i.e., 400 Gy—does not include pupae of any species of Lepidoptera. More data are needed to develop a generic dose for those Lepidoptera that pupate on or within shipped commodities, such as Crambidae species. Tests were done with the crambids Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, D. saccharalis (F.), and Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to seek doses that would provide quarantine security no only against late pupae but also against last instar larvae, and that would possibly contribute to the development of a generic PI dose that is less than the current 400 Gy. The results of this research support proposed generic doses of 250 and 400 Gy for larvae and pupae of Lepidoptera species, respectively, and suggest lower specific doses for the individual insect species.
Resumen
La irradiación fitosanitaria (IF) es cada vez más utilizada para desinfectar productos hortícolas de plagas invasivas de importancia cuarentenaria. Se realiza la mayoría de desinfestación con tratamientos genéricos, donde se aplica la misma dosis en contra de un grupo de especies de plagas y/o productos. El tratamiento genérico utilizado actualmente por el Servicio de Inspección Sanitaria de Animales y Plantas del Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos (USDA-APHIS) en contra de la clase Insecta—400 Gy— no incluye pupas de ningun especie del Orden Lepidóptera. Se necesitan más datos para desarrollar una dosis genérica para los lepidópteros que se transforman en crisálidas en o dentro de productos transportados, como las especies de la familia Crambidae. Se realizaron las pruebas con los crambids Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, D. saccharalis (Fabricius), y Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) para buscar la dosis que proveerá la seguridad de cuarentena no sólo contra las pupas mas maduras, asi como contra larvas de último estadio, y que posiblemente poder contribuir al desarrollo de una dosis IF genérica que es menor que la 400 Gy actual. Los resultados de esta investigación apoyan las dosis genéricas de 250 y 400 Gy propuestas para las larvas y pupas de especies de lepidópteros, respectivamente, y sugieren una dosis más baja específica para las especies de insectos individuales.
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