Irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment against Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Keywords:
khapra beetle, gamma irradiation, phytosanitary treatment, sterility, stored productsAbstract
A study was conducted to determine a gamma irradiation dose that would serve as a phytosanitary treatment against the khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts; Coleoptera: Dermestidae). The results show that 100 Gy applied to the adult—the most tolerant stage—caused complete sterility in treated females crossed to either irradiated or normal males and reduced their fecundity by 48%. Eggs produced by normal females crossed to irradiated males exposed to the same dose (100 Gy), however, were more viable; egg hatch was 32%, and 3% of 1st instars reached the adult stage, but all failed to reproduce. In a subsequent confirmatory trial in which an estimated 147,800 insects of a mixed population of khapra beetle (69.5% adults, 22% pupae and 8.5% larvae) were irradiated with 100 Gy, no progeny were produced. This result exceeds the conventional quarantine security of probit 9 at the 95% confidence level. Our studies indicate that ionizing radiation could be used as an alternative to chemical fumigation for a phytosanitary treatment of commodities potentially infested with the khapra beetle and the required dose (100 Gy) is relatively small.
Resumen
Se realizó un estudio para investigar los efectos de la irradiación gamma en adultos del escarabajo khapra (Trogoderma granarium Everts; Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Los resultados muestran que la dosis de 100 Gy aplicada a los adultos—el estadio más tolerante—ocasionó esterilidad completa en hembras tratadas y posteriormente apareadas con machos irradiados o normales, y su fecundidad se redujo en un 48%. Los huevos producidos por hembras normales cruzadas con machos irradiados expuestos a la misma dosis (100 Gy), sin embargo, fueron más viables; la eclosión de los huevos fue de un 32% y el 3% de las larvas del primero estadio llegaron al estadio adulto, pero no todas se reproducieron. En un ensayo de confirmación posterior en el que se estimo que 147,800 insectos de una población mixta de escarabajo khapra (69.5% adultos, 22% pupas y 8.5% larvas) se irradiaron con 100 Gy, no se produjo progenie. Este resultado supera la seguridad cuarentenaria convencional del probit 9 en el nivel de confianza del 95%. Nuestros estudios indican que la radiación ionizante se podría utilizar como una alternativa a la fumigación química para el tratamiento de cuarentena de los productos potencialmente infestados con el escarabajo khapra y la dosis requerida (100 Gy) es relativamente pequeña.
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