Mortality and growth inhibition of γ-irradiated Aspidiotus destructor (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on mango (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) plantlets
Keywords:
scale insects, phytosanitary, growth inhibition, export, quarantine pests, mango scaleAbstract
Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Homoptera: Diaspididae) is a quarantine pest of mango (Mangifera indica L.; Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) and many other tropical crops. Irradiation was examined as a potential phytosanitary treatment to control A. destructor. Dose response tests were conducted with eggs, 1st and 2nd instars, pre-ovipositing adult females and ovipositing females with a series of radiation doses between 100 and 300 Gy to determine the most tolerant stage. The egg was found to be the most susceptible and adult the most tolerant stage. From probit analysis a dose of 217.7 Gy was estimated as the effective dose to completely stop scale development to subsequent stages. In large-scale validation tests 40,531 ± 79 scales in all stages were tested with 200 Gy and 51,101 ± 117 scales in all stages with 220 Gy (total = 91,633 scales). Scales did not develop to the subsequent stage when exposed to a dose of 220 Gy. We therefore propose a dose of 220 Gy for complete inhibition of development of all life stages of A. destructor that would provide quarantine security for A. destructor on exported commodities.
Resumen
Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) es una plaga cuarentenaria de mango (Mangifera indica L.; Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) y muchos otros cultivos tropicales. Se examinó la irradiación como un tratamiento fitosanitario potencial para controlar A. destructor. Se realizaron pruebas de respuesta a la dosis con los huevos, las ninfas del primero y segundo estadio, las hembras adultas del tercer estadio sin huevos, y las hembras adultas con huevos en una serie de dosis de radiación entre 100 y 300 Gy para determinar el estadio más tolerante. Se encontró que el estadio de huevo fue el más susceptible y las ninfas de segundo estadio fue el más tolerante. De un análisis del Log dosis, se determinó que una dosis de 217.7 Gy es la dosis eficaz para detener completamente el desarrollo de la escama a los estadios posteriores. En pruebas de validación de gran escala, se analizaron con todas los estadios de escamas, 40,531 ± 79 escamas a 200 Gy y 51,101 ± 117 a 220 Gy (total = 91,633 escamas). Las escamas no se desarrollaron más cuando fueron expuestas a una dosis de 220 Gy. Por lo tanto, proponemos una dosis de 220 Gy para la inhibición completa del desarrollo de todos los estadios de vida de A. destructor y su reproducción con lo que se proveerá la seguridad cuarentenaria contra A. destructor sobre los productos básicos exportados.
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