Mortality and growth inhibition of γ-irradiated red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Hemiptera: Diaspdidae) on ‘Kinnow’ citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) fruits
Keywords:
citrus, phytosanitary, export, quarantine pests, ‘Kinnow’, PakistanAbstract
Gamma-irradiation was assessed as a potential phytosanitary treatment to control the red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a quarantine pest of citrus. Dose response tests were conducted with first and second stage nymphs and adult females—before they had given birth to 1st instars (crawlers)—with a series of radiation doses ranging from 100 to 300 Gy to determine the minimum dose required to inhibit normal adult emergence of the most radiation tolerant stage. All tests involved the use of the fruits of ‘Kinnow’, a mandarin hybrid (Citrus reticulata Blanco; Sapindales: Rutaceae). Irradiation affected every life stage of A. aurantii. The pattern of tolerance to irradiation in A. aurantii was eggs < 1st instars < 2nd instars < adult females with eggs but not crawlers. Adult females with eggs irradiated with 220 Gy did not produce a F1 generation. Validation tests showed that a minimum dose of 222 Gy would serve as a phytosanitary treatment against A. aurantii.
Resumen
Se evaluó la irradiación-gamma como tratamiento fitosanitario potencial para controlar la escamaroja, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), una plaga cuarentenaria de los cítricos. Se realize una prueba de respuesta de dosis sobre ninfas del primer y segundo estadio y de hembras de tercer estadio—antes de que hubieran dado a luz a 1er estadios (rastreadores)—con una serie de dosis de radiación de 100 a 300 Gy para determinar la dosis minima requerida para inhibir la emergencia de adultos normales del estadio mas tolerante de la radiación. La irradiación afectó todos los estadios de vida de A. aurantii. Todas las pruebas incluyeron el uso de los frutos de ‘Kinnow’, un híbrido de mandarina (Citrus reticulata Blanco; Sapindales: Rutaceae ). El patrón de la tolerancia a la radiación en A. aurantii fue huevos < 1a estadio < 2º estadio < hembras pre-oviposición. Las hembras adultas irradiadas con 220 Gy no produjeron una generación F1 grávido. Las pruebas de validación mostraron que una dosis mínima de 220 Gy serviría como tratamiento fitosanitario contra A. aurantii.
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