Phytosanitary irradiation of Jack Beardsley mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) females on rambutan (Sapindales: Sapindaceae) fruits

Authors

  • Guoping Zhan Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
  • Ying Shao Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
  • Qing Yu Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
  • Lang Xu Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045, P.R. China
  • Bo Liu Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
  • Yuejin Wang Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
  • Qiaoling Wang Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China

Keywords:

Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi, Jack Beardsley mealybug, irradiation, phytosanitary irradiation, rambutan, quality assessment

Abstract

The Jack Beardsley mealybug, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi (Gimpel & Miller) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a quarantine pest of fruits, vegetables, flowers and seedlings. Host commodities shipped from infested areas should undergo phytosanitary measures to reduce the risk of shipping viable mealybugs. Large-scale confirmatory tests on late stage female P. jackbeardsleyi (the most tolerant stage) irradiated with the target dose of 150 Gy were conducted to determine the minimum absorbed dose for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment. No F1 generation 2nd stage nymphs emerged from an estimated 118,520 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; Solanales: Solanaceae) reared females irradiated with 133.5–164.1 Gy, or 49,290 pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.; Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae) reared females irradiated with 131.3–166.0 Gy, resulting in an efficacy of 99.9975% (potato reared) and 99.9939% (pumpkin reared) and 99.9982% (all females) at the 95% confidence level. Quality determinations on ‘Rongrien’ rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.; Sapindales: Sapindaceae) fruits—the favorite host of P. jackbeardsleyi—were conducted 5, 10 and 15 days after gamma radiation at doses of 300, 600, 900, and 1,200 Gy with storage at 10 °C. Irradiation did not induce significant changes in ascorbic acid content, total acidity, total soluble solids, soluble protein, and weight loss. However, storage time had a significant negative effect on the chemical and nutritional contents and weight loss. A dose of 166 Gy is recommended as the minimum dose for phytosanitary treatment against the Jack Beardsley mealybug. ‘Rongrien’ rambutan can tolerate a dose of 900 Gy but at 1,200 Gy its sensory attributes are significantly affected.

 

Resumen

La cochinilla de Jack Beardsley, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi (Gimpel & Miller) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), es una plaga cuarentenaria para frutas, hortalizas, flores y plantas. Los productos que son hospederos enviados desde las zonas infestadas deben ser sometidos a medidas fitosanitarias para reducir el riesgo de envío de cochinillas viables. Se realizaron pruebas confirmatorias de gran escala sobre las hembras mas maduras de P. jackbeardsleyi (el estadio más tolerante) a la dosis objetivo de 150 Gy para determinar la dosis absorbida mínima para el uso de la irradiación como tratamiento fitosanitario. No emergieron ninfas del segundo estadio de la generación F1 de un estimado de 118,520 hembras criadas sobre papas (Solanum tuberosum L.; Solanales: Solanaceae) e irradiadas a 133.5–164.1 Gy, o 49,290 hembras criadas sobre calabaza (Cucurbita sp.; Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae) e irradiadas a 131.3–166.0 Gy, lo que resulta en una eficacia del 99,9975% (criadas sobre papa) y 99,9939% (criadas sobre calabaza y 99,9982% (todas hembras) en el nivel de confianza del 95%. Se realizó una determinación de calidad en frutos de rambután (Nephelium lappaceum L.; Sapindales: Sapindaceae) ‘Rongrien’ (hospedero favorito de P. jackbeardsleyi) 5, 10 y 15 días después de la radiación gamma en dosis de 300, 600, 900, y 1,200 Gy y una temperatura de almacenamiento de 10 °C. La irradiación no indujo cambios significativos en el contenido de ácido ascórbico, acidez total, sólidos solubles totales, proteínas solubles, y pérdida de peso. Sin embargo, el tiempo de almacenamiento tuvo un efecto negativo significativo en la química y contenido nutricional y la pérdida de peso. Se recomienda una dosis de 166 Gy que es la dosis mínima para el tratamiento fitosanitario contra la cochilla harinosa Jack Beardsley. El rambután ‹Rongrien› puede tolerar una dosis de 900 Gy, pero en 1,200 Gy sus caracteristicas externas se ven afectados de manera significativa.

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Published

2016-11-20

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Section

Research Papers