Ionizing radiation as a phytosanitary treatment against Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Keywords:
cotton mealybug, solenopsis mealybug, molting prevention, phytosanitary irradiation, phytosanitation, potato, nutritional quality analysisAbstract
Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) has great potential to disinfest agricultural commodities of quarantine pests. Efficacy of gamma irradiation (5–500 Gy) was studied on various ontogenetic stages of the solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), which is an economic tropical postharvest pest. As P. solenopsis showed a parthenogenetic mode of reproduction, studies were focused on female adults to estimate the minimum dose required for sterilization by gamma radiation. The radiosensitivity of the insect decreased as its age and developmental stage increased. The most radiotolerant stage, the 11-12 d-old gravid females required 500 Gy to completely prevent F1 egg hatch, whereas 200 Gy prevented molting of all F1 first instar nymphs to the second instar. The next lowest dose attempted was 100 Gy, whereupon 43 F1 first instar nymphs— hatched from 500 eggs laid by irradiated gravid females,— molted to the F1 second instar. Therefore, a dose of ~200 Gy might suffice as a phytosanitary treatment against P. solenopsis. Large-scale confirmatory testing would be required to confirm a dose that could be used against this insect. Radiotolerance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; Solanales: Solanaceae)—a major host of P. solenopsis—was studied at 200 and 400 Gy. Color, weight, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, vitamin C and ß-carotene content were not affected compared with non-irradiated controls after 7 d storage at 5 °C.
Resumen
La irradiación fitosanitaria (PI) tiene un gran potencial para desinfectar productos agrícolas de plagas cuarentenarias. Se estudió la eficacia de la irradiación gamma (5-500 Gy) en estadios diversos ontogenéticos de la cochinilla solenopsis, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), que es una plaga económica tropical de poscosecha. Como P. solenopsis mostró un modo de reproducción partenogenética, los estudios enfocaron en las hembras adultas para estimar la dosis mínima requerida para la esterilización por radiación gamma. La radiosensibilidad del insecto disminuyó a medida que su edad y estadio de desarrollo se incrementó. El estadio más radiotolerante fueron las hembras grávidas de 11-12 dias de edad que requieren 500 Gy para prevenir completamente la eclosión de los huevos de la F1, mientras que 200 Gy impidió la muda de todas las ninfas F1 del primer estadio al segundo estadio. El siguiente intento de dosis más baja fue de 100 Gy, con lo cual F1 43 ninfas de primer instar , nacido de 500 huevos puestos por las hembras grávidas irradiados, mudadas al segundo instar F1. Por lo tanto, una dosis de ~ 200 Gy puede ser suficiente como tratamiento fitosanitario contra P. solenopsis. Pruebas a realizar que confirmen a gran escala el tratamiento serían necesarias para confirmar una dosis que podría ser utilizada contra este insecto. Se estudió la radiotolerancia - a 200 y 400 Gy de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L .; Solanales: Solanaceae) – un hospedero importante de P. solenopsis. El color, peso, sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable, pH, contenido de vitamina C y beta-caroteno no se vieron afectados en comparación con los controles no irradiados después de un almacenamiento de 7 dias a 5 °C.
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