Effects of irradiation of each of the five peach fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) instars on 5th instar weight, larval mortality and cumulative developmental time: A preliminary investigation
Keywords:
peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii, irradiation, radiation effect, weight, developmental time, mortalityAbstract
The peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), is a serious pest of many pome and stone fruits and presents a quarantine problem in some export markets. To investigate the effects of irradiation on larval weight, developmental time, and mortality, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, and 15 d-old larvae—which were 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars, respectively—were reared within ‘Red Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.; Rosales: Rosaceae) fruits, and gamma-irradiated at doses from 20 to 140 Gy in increments of 20 Gy. Irradiation had significant effects on larval weight, cumulative larval developmental time, and mortality. More specific findings were as follows. Body Weight. The mean body weight of late 5th instars that developed from the 4 preceding instars decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner when larvae in any one of these preceding instars had been irradiated with gamma rays. Mean body weight reduction of late fifth instars was greatest when 3rd instars were irradiated. In contrast, when 5th instars were irradiated their mean body weight increased significantly. Cumulative Larval Development Time. The mean cumulative larval developmental times increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in comparison to the controls when any one of the 5 instars was irradiated. Larval Mortality. Significant larval mortality occurred in the first 4 instars when any one of them had been irradiated, but none of the irradiated 5th instars died in the apple fruits, indicating that the 5th instar is the most radiotolerant larval stage. Additional Research. Further research is suggested to elucidate the mechanisms whereby the weights of 5th instars that developed from irradiated 3rd instars are substantially diminished. Also research is suggested to elucidate the mechanisms whereby the weights of irradiated 5th instars increase substantially after they have been irradiated.
Resumen
La polilla del fruto del melocotón, Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), es una plaga seria de muchas frutas de pepita y de pomelos y representa un problema de cuarentena en algunos mercados de exportación. Para investigar los efectos de la irradiación sobre el peso de las larvas, el tiempo de desarrollo, y la mortalidad, larvas de 3, 6, 9, 12 y 15 horas de edad, las cuales fueron de 1º, 2º, 3º, 4º y 5º estadio, respectivamente—fueron criadas en la fruta de manzana ‘Fuji’ (Malus domestica Borkh.: Rosales: Rosaceae) y gamma-irradiadas a los dosis de 20-140 Gy en incrementos de 20 Gy. La irradiación tuvo efectos significativos sobre el peso de las larvas, el tiempo total de desarrollo de las larvas y la mortalidad. Los hallazgos más específicos son los siguientes. Peso Corporal. El promedio del peso corporal de los 5º estadios mayores que se desarrollaron a partir de los 4 estadios anteriores disminuyó significativamente en una manera dependiente de la dosis cuando las larvas en cualquiera de estos estadios previos habían sidos irradiadas con rayos gamma. La reducción del peso corporal de los quinto estadios tardios fue mayor cuando se irradiaron los tercer estadios de larvas. En contraste, cuando se irradiaron los 5º estadios, su peso medio corporal aumentó significativamente. Tiempo total de desarrollo de larvas. El promedio del tiempo total de desarrollo de larvas aumentaron significativamente en una manera dependiente de la dosis en comparación con los controles cuando cualquiera de los 5 estadios fueron irradiados. Mortalidad de larvas. Mortalidad significativa de larvas sucedio en los primeros 4 estadios, cuando uno de ellos había sido irradiado, pero ninguna de las larvas del 5º estadio irradiadas murió en las manzanas, lo que indica que el 5º estadio es el estadio larval más radio-tolerante. Necesita investigación adicional. Se necesitan más investigaciones para dilucidar los mecanismos por los que el peso de larvas irradiadas del 5º estadio que se desarrollaron a partir de larvas del 3º estadio irradiado disminuyeron considerablemente. También se necesita investigación para dilucidar el mecanismo por el cual el peso de las larvas del 5º estadio se aumentó sustancialmente después de que han sido irradiados.
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