Invasion of the main cocoa-producing region of South America by Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Keywords:
geographic distribution, invasive species, range expansion, Theobroma cacaoAbstract
Summary
Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was first detected in Brazil in 2010, and this study documents the recent range expansion into the major cocoa producing regions of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. We describe the signs of M. hirsutus infestation and damage to cocoa plants. Infestation of cocoa by adult females with nymphs and egg masses was observed, particularly on new flushes of growth and on fruits, and is a major threat to one of the largest cocoa producing areas of the world. The predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was associated with M. hirsutus, but no parasitoids were observed. Maconellicoccus hirsutus is now established and widespread on cocoa in southeastern Brazil and spreading to producing regions of Bahia.
Sumário
Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) foi detectada pela primeira vez no Brasil em 2010, é praga invasora e potencial de muitas espécies de plantas e que se estabeleceu nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Este estudo documenta a recente expansão de M. hirsutus na maior região produtora de cacau do Brasil, é seu primeiro relato em cacau na América do Sul e documenta os sintomas de sua ocorrência em plantas infestadas de cacau. Foram observadas infestações de adultos com ninfas e massa de ovos, principalmente em novos pontos de crescimento e frutos, ela agora ameaça uma das principais áreas produtoras de cacau do mundo. O predador Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) foi associado a M. hirsutus, no entanto nenhum parasitoide emergiu das cochonilhas. Maconellicoccus hirsutus está estabelecida no Sudeste do Brasil e se dissemina nas regiões produtoras de cacau da Bahia.
View this article in BioOne
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright for any article published in Florida Entomologist is held by the author(s) of the article. Florida Entomologist is an open access journal. Florida Entomologist follows terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commercial License (cc by-nc). By submitting and publishing articles in Florida Entomologist, authors grant the FOJ and Florida Entomologist's host institutions permission to make the article available through Internet posting and electronic dissemination, and to otherwise archive the information contained both electronically and in a hard printed version. When used, information and images obtained from articles must be referenced and cited appropriately. Articles may be reproduced for personal, educational, or archival purposes, or any non-commercial use. Permission should be sought from the author(s) for multiple, non-commercial reproduction. Written permission from the author(s) is required for any commercial reproduction.