Bioacoustics of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae)
Keywords:
acoustic detection, grain storage, sub-Saharan Africa, common beanAbstract
Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an economically important pest of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae), in the tropics and subtropics. The larvae are cryptic and spend most of their development time inside the bean seeds. Their presence is almost imperceptible except for circular emergence holes created by the last instar larvae in preparation for their exit as adults. We considered a hypothesis that readily available acoustic detection devices can be used to detect larvae and adults in stored beans. Laboratory experiments were conducted in an anechoic chamber to characterize the sounds of movement and feeding and estimate whether they could be distinguished from background noise in storage environments. The larvae produced low-amplitude insect sound impulses frequently occurring in trains (bursts) of 2 or more impulses (mean = 3.6). The adults produced lower-amplitude impulses, although at a higher rate than the larvae, and there were significantly fewer impulses per burst. These features of the acoustic signals were useful for real-time detection of A. obtectus infestation and discrimination from background noise in stored common beans in sub-Saharan Africa. The use of such technology in the future, especially if its costs can be reduced further, may contribute to efforts to alleviate hunger and poverty in the region.
Resumen
Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) es una plaga económicamente importante del frijol común Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) en los trópicos y subtrópicos. Las larvas son crípticas y pasan la mayor parte de su tiempo de desarrollo dentro de las semillas de frijol. Su presencia es casi imperceptible a excepción de los agujeros circulares de salida creados por las larvas del último instar cuando salen como adultos. Se consideró una hipótesis de que los medios acústicos fácilmente disponibles pueden ser utilizados para detectar larvas y adultos en frijoles almacenados. Se realizaron experimentos de laboratorio con una cámara anecoica para caracterizar sus movimientos y sonidos de alimentación y estimar si se podían distinguir del ruido de fondo en entornos de almacenamiento. Las larvas producían impulsos sonoros de insectos de baja amplitud que ocurrían frecuentemente en trenes (ráfagas) de 2 o más impulsos (promedio = 3.6). Los adultos mostraron impulsos de baja amplitud, aunque a una tasa mayor que las larvas y hubo significativamente menos impulsos por ráfaga. Estas características de las señales acústicas fueron de utilidad para la detección en tiempo real de la infección por A. obtectus y la discriminación del ruido de fondo en frijol común almacenado en el África subsahariana. El uso de tal tecnología en el futuro, especialmente si se pueden reducir aún más sus costos, puede contribuir a los esfuerzos para aliviar el hambre y la pobreza en la región.
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