Development of Rhagoletis pomonella and Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in mango and other tropical and temperate fruit in the laboratory
Keywords:
apple maggot fly, western cherry fruit fly, Mangifera indica, Carica papayaAbstract
Temperate fruit flies in the genus Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae) have narrow host ranges relative to those of tropical fruit flies, suggesting they will not attack or are incapable of developing in most novel fruit. We tested the hypothesis that apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), and western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, whose normal hosts belong to the Rosaceae, will not attack or develop in mango (Mangifera indica L.; Anacardiaceae) and other non-rosaceous tropical fruit. Of fruits hung in infested apple trees, at least 49% of apples (n = 77) produced R. pomonella puparia, whereas only 1% of mangoes (n = 291) and 0% of papayas (Carica papaya L.; Caricaceae) and 8 other tropical fruit produced puparia. In laboratory tests in 1.9 L containers, 33% of apples (n = 131), 7% of mangoes (n = 118), and 7% of papayas (n = 14) produced R. pomonella puparia; adult flies also eclosed from puparia from mango and papaya. Females of R. pomonella landed approximately 4 to 9 times more often on apple than mango. When exposed to R. indifferens in laboratory tests in 1.9 L containers, 6% of mangoes (n = 32) and 0% of papayas (n = 23) versus 33 to 73% of sweet cherry, plum, and nectarine, and 0% of peach (all Prunus species; Rosaceae) produced puparia; no eggs were detected in mango and papaya. Contrary to our hypothesis, larvae of R. pomonella and R. indifferens were capable of developing in some tropical fruit under laboratory conditions. How findings here relate to fly quarantines versus basic fly biology is unknown and needs further study.
Resumen
Las moscas de la fruta en el género Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae) en la región templada tienen un rango de hospederos estrecho en relación con las de las moscas de la fruta tropical, lo que sugiere que no atacarán o son incapaces de desarrollar en la mayoría de los frutos foráneos. Se probó la hipótesis de que la mosca de la fruta de manzana, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) y la mosca de la fruta de la cereza occidental, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, cuyos hospederos normales pertenecen a las Rosaceae, no atacarán ni se desarrollarán en el mango (Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae) y otras frutas tropicales que no pertenecen a la familia Rosáceae. De las frutas colgadas en los manzanos infestados, por lo menos el 49% de las manzanas (n = 77) produjeron pupas de R. pomonella, mientras que sólo el 1% de los mangos (n = 291) y el 0% de las papayas (Carica papaya L.; Caricaceae) y 8 otras frutas tropicales produjeron pupas. En pruebas de laboratorio en recipientes de 1,9 L, 33% de manzanas (n = 131), 7% de mangos (n = 118) y 7% de papayas (n = 14) produjeron pupas de R. pomonella; moscas adultas también se emergieron de pupas en mango y papaya. Las hembras de R. pomonella aterrizaron ~ 4 a 9 veces más a menudo en manzana que mango. Cuando se expusieron las frutas a R. indifferens en pruebas de laboratorio en recipientes de 1,9 L, el 6% de mangos (n = 32) y el 0% de papayas (n = 23) frente a el 33 a 73% de cerezas dulces, ciruelas y nectarinas y el 0% de melocotón (todas especies de Prunus, Rosaceae) produjeron puparia; no se detectaron huevos en mango y papaya. Al contrario a nuestra hipótesis, las larvas de R. pomonella y R. indifferens fueron capaces de desarrollarse en algunas frutas tropicales en condiciones de laboratorio. No se sabe si estos hallazgos aquí se relacionan con la cuarentena de moscas versus la biología básica de la mosca por lo que más estudios son necesarios.
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