Diversity and abundance of edaphic arthropods associated with conventional and organic sugarcane crops in Brazil
Keywords:
community, conservation biological control, environmental disturbance, functional groupAbstract
Although studies have shown enhancement of insects, birds, and plants in organically managed agroecosystems, information on arthropod diversity and abundance in conventional and organic sugarcane farms is scarce. This research was conducted to analyze and compare the diversity and abundance of edaphic arthropods in organic and conventional sugarcane by using pitfall traps. The study was conducted during 2 growing seasons in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. In total, 13,244 individuals belonging to 190 morphospecies were collected. In the conventional system, 4,964 specimens were collected, representing 122 morphospecies distributed in 15 orders and 50 families. In the organic system, 8,280 individuals were captured, representing 142 morphospecies in 13 orders and 45 families. Ants of the genera Pheidole Westwood, Dorymyrmex Mayr, Camponotus Mayr, and Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were predominant. Higher abundance and richness of arthropods (especially predators and omnivores) were found in the organic than the conventional system, which could be important in regulating key pests of sugarcane. Our results show that the organic management in sugarcane increased the abundance and diversity of arthropods.
Resumo
Embora estudos já tenham mostrado que há incremento de insetos, pássaros e plantas em agroecossistemas manejados organicamente, informação sobre diversidade e abundância de artrópodes em plantios orgânicos e convencionais de cana-de-açúcar é rara. Este trabalho foi realizado para analisar e comparar a diversidade e abundância de artrópodes edáficos em cana-de-açúcar convencional e orgânica utilizando armadilhas pitfall. O estudo foi conduzido durante duas safras de cana-de-açúcar em Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram coletados 13244 indivíduos pertencentes a 190 morfo-espécies. No sistema convencional 4964 espécimens foram coletados e representaram 122 morfo-espécies, distribuídos em 15 ordens e 50 famílias. No sistema orgânico, 8280 indivíduos foram capturados, correspondendo a 142 morfoespécies, distribuídos em 13 ordens e 45 famílias. Formigas dos gêneros Pheidole Westwood, Dorymyrmex Mayr, Camponotus Mayr e Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) foram predominantes. Maior abundância e riqueza de artrópodes (especialmente predadores e onívoros) foram encontradas no sistema orgânico em comparação ao sistema convencional e poderiam ser importantes para a regulação de pragas chaves da cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados mostram que o manejo orgânico em cana-de-açúcar aumentou a abundância e diversidade de artrópodes.
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