Capture of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in traps baited with torula yeast solution versus cucumber volatile plugs
Keywords:
melon fly, fruit fly, trapping, lure, Bactrocera cucurbitaeAbstract
Several species of invasive fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the most damaging pests of agricultural crops in the world. Detection of these pests relies primarily on traps baited with male-specific lures. Traps with protein food baits are also employed to attract females, but these baits are fairly weak, and there is considerable interest in developing more powerful lures for female tephritids. Recently, a plug that emits cucumber volatiles was developed as a lure for cucurbit-infesting species, and a recent field study showed that traps baited with these plugs attracted more females of the Australian cucurbit pest Bactrocera cucumis (French) than traps containing a protein bait. The objective of the present study was to gather additional data regarding captures of a closely related species, the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), in traps baited with a torula yeast and borax (TYB) solution (a standard food lure) compared with traps baited with the cucumber volatile (CV) plug. Data collected from 5 locations on Oahu, Hawaii, showed that traps baited with the TYB solution captured significantly more melon flies than traps baited with the CV plugs. At 4 sites, where hosts were scattered, melon fly captures were relatively low, and males were trapped in significantly greater numbers than females in both TYB- and CV-baited traps. At the remaining site, hosts were very abundant, melon fly captures were high, and females were trapped in significantly greater numbers than males in both TYB- and CV-baited traps. Possible explanations for the superior performance of TYB-baited traps are discussed.
Resumen
Varias especies de moscas invasoras de la fruta (Diptera: Tephritidae) están entre las plagas más dañinas de los cultivos agrícolas en el mundo. La detección de estas plagas se basa principalmente en trampas cebadas con señuelos específicos para los machos. Se emplean con cebos de alimentos de proteínas también para atraer a las hembras, pero estos cebos son bastante débiles, y hay un interés considerable en el desarrollo de señuelos más efectivos para las hembras tefrítidas. Recientemente, un tapón que emite volátiles de pepino fue desarrollado como un señuelo para las especies que infestan las cucurbitáceas, y un reciente estudio de campo mostró que las trampas cebadas con estos tapones atrajeron más hembras de la plaga australiana de cucurbitáceas Bactrocera cucumis (French). El objetivo del presente estudio fue recopilar datos adicionales sobre la captura de una especie estrechamente relacionada, la mosca del melón, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), en trampas cebadas con una solución de levadura de torula y borax (LTB) (un señuelo de alimento estandard), en trampas cebadas con el tapón del volátil del pepino (VP). Los datos recopilados en 5 localidades de Oahu, Hawai, mostraron que las trampas cebadas con la solución de TYB capturaron significativamente más moscas de melón que las trampas cebadas con los tapones de VP. En 4 sitios, donde los hospederos fueron dispersos, las capturas de la mosca del melón fueron relativamente bajas, y los machos fueron atrapados en un número significativamente mayor que las hembras tanto en las trampas cebadas con TYB y CV. En el sitio restante, los hospederos fueron muy abundantes, las capturas de moscas de melón fueron altas y las hembras fueron atrapadas en números significativamente mayores que los machos en trampas con cebos con TYB y VP. Se discuten las posibles explicaciones para el desempeňo superior de las trampas con cebo con TYB.
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