Thermal activity thresholds of parasitoids Aphidius avenae and Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): implications for their efficacy as biological control agents in the same location
Keywords:
thermal tolerance, biocontrol potential, aphidAbstract
Aphid parasitoids are important components in biological control of aphid populations in a variety of crop systems. Aphidius avenae Haliday and Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are key biological control agents for Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which causes serious damage to wheat worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate their parasitic potentials focusing on their thermal biological characteristics in a temperate area. Based on supercooling temperature recording techniques, the freezing point, minimum temperature for walking, and the temperature for activity recovery after chill coma of A. gifuensis females (−19.8, −5.1, and 5.9 °C, respectively) were significantly lower than those of A. avenae (−18.1, −3.3, and 7.8 °C, respectively). The results showed that A. gifuensis had lower temperature tolerance compared with A. avenae, illuminating that it could take precedence in suppressing population growth of S. avenae when aphid colonies were still small in early spring.
Resumen
Los parasitoides de áfidos son componentes importantes en el control biológico de las poblaciones de áfidos en variedades de sistemas de cultivo. Aphidius avenae Haliday y Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) son agentes clave de control biológico de Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), que causa daños graves al trigo en todo el mundo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar sus potenciales como parásitos enfocandose en sus características biológicas térmicas en una área templada. Sobre la base de la técnica de grabación del sobre-enfriamiento de temperatura, el punto de congelación, la temperatura mínima para caminar y la temperatura para la recuperación de la actividad después del efecto decoma por frío de hembras de A. gifuensis (-19.8, -5.1 y 5.9 ° C, respectivamente) fueron significativamente inferiores a los de A. avenae (-18,1, -3,3, y 7,8 ° C, respectivamente). Los resultados mostraron que A. gifuensis tenía más baja tolerancia a la temperatura en comparación con A. avenae, revelando que podría prevalecer en la supresión del crecimiento de la población de S. avenae cuando las colonias de áfidos fueron todavía pequeñas en al principio de la primavera.
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