Biochemical effects of cultivated and wild jute species on life stages of the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae)
Abstract
We studied the life cycle of the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae), on 2 cultivated jute species (Corchorus olitorius L. and Corchorus capsularis L.; Malvales: Malvaceae) and 5 wild species (Corchorus aestuans L., Corchorus pseudo-olitorius Islam & Zaid, Corchorus fascicularis Lamarck, Corchorus tridens L., and Corchorus trilocularis L.) under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the egg incubation period, larval and nymphal durations, and adult male and female longevities of P. latus varied significantly on different jute species. The larval period (mean ± SD) was significantly shorter (57.00 ± 2.07 h) on C. olitorius than on C. fascicularis, C. aestuans, and C. tridens (68.00 ± 1.58 to 72.00 ± 1.30 h). The phenol content was greatest in C. trilocularis (61.92 ± 1.91 μg/g), and it was 16.26 ± 1.34 μg/g and 20.45 ± 1.43 μg/g in C. olitorius and C. capsularis, respectively. The polyphenol oxidase content was smallest in C. capsularis (0.99 ± 0.10 μg/mL) as compared with 2.38 ± 0.15 μg/mL in C. fascicularis. The protein content in the wild species was significantly less than in the cultivated species. In the wild species, the peroxidase content varied from 3.93 ± 0.17 to 7.08 ± 0.16 μg/mL, and it was 3.23 ± 0.12 to 3.70 ± 0.14 μg/mL in the cultivated species. The leaf biochemical constituents of jute species were correlated with mite life stages and incidence. The larval period and adult female longevity had significantly negative correlations with polyphenol oxidase content and positive correlations with protein content. The greatest mite population was observed on C. olitorius, and the smallest mite population was observed on C. trilocularis, at 50 d after sowing. The mite populations increased on all the jute species except C. trilocularis at 50 d after sowing. Based on the duration of life stages, the present study showed that among the 7 species of jute, the cultivated C. olitorius was the most suitable host for broad mites. It is evident that biochemical leaf constituents have an important role in the growth and buildup of mite pests in these crops. On the basis of the relative resistance and susceptibility of the jute species, appropriate interspecific crosses may provide a platform for developing resistant varieties for broad mite management.
Resumen
Se estudió la biología del ácaro ancho, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae) en 2 especies cultivadas de yute (Corchorus olitorius L. y C. capsularis L.; Malvales: Malvaceae) y 5 especies silvestres (C. aestuans, C. pseudo-olitorius, C. fascicularis, C. tridens, C. trilocularis) en condiciones de laboratorio. El estudio reveló que el período de incubación de huevos de P. latus sobre diferentes especies varió de 45.0 h en C. capsularis a 51.0 h en C. olitorius en comparación con 46.0 h y 53.0 h en C. trilocularis y C. fascicularis, respectivamente. El período larval total fue significativamente menor en C. olitorius (57.0 h.) En comparación con C. pseudo-olitorius (59.0 a 72.0 h). La longevidad de los ácaros adultos en las especies cultivadas fue menor que en las especies silvestres, excepto en C. fascicularis. El contenido de fenoles mas alto fue en C. trilocularis (61.92 mg/g) y fue 16.26 mg/g y 20.45 mg/g en C. olitorius y C. capsularis, respectivamente. La actividad del polifenol oxidasa fue menor 0.99 g/mL en C. capsularis y 1.12 g/ml en C. olitorius en comparación con 2.38 g/ml en C. fascicularis. El contenido de proteína en las especies silvestres fue significativamente más bajo en comparación con el de las especies cultivadas. En las especies silvestres, el contenido de peroxidasa varió de 3.93-7.08 g/ml y fue de 3.23 a 3.70 g/ml en las especies cultivadas. La actividad del polifenol oxidasa tuvo una correlación significativamente positiva con la duración del periodo larvario mientras que el contenido de proteína mostró una correlación negativa con la duración del periodo larvario. Los contenidos de fenol y peroxidasa mostraron una correlación negativa con la duración del período de ninfa. En contraste con el período larval, la longevidad del macho adulto se correlacionó negativamente y positivamente con el polifenol oxidasa y el contenido de proteína, respectivamente.
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