Potential of biological control agents against Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): current knowledge in Argentina
Keywords:
biocontrol, Lycopersicon esculentum L., Dineulophus phthorimaeae, parasitoid, predator, South American tomato leafminerAbstract
Pest suppression through biological control seeks to maximize the action of the pest’s natural enemies with the goal of reducing pesticide use. We present a summary of published studies and original findings on several entomophagous species as biocontrol agents of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a key pest of tomato crops in Argentina, with the aim to select potential candidates for its management. Spontaneously occurring T. absoluta egg parasitism was lower than that inflicted by the larval parasitoids Dineulophus phthorimaeae (De Santis, 1983) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Pseudapanteles dignus (Muesebeck, 1938) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). These parasitoids exhibit important life history traits in laboratory conditions and produce relevant amounts of T. absoluta mortality in the field. Surveys carried out in Tucumán and Buenos Aires provinces, Argentina, revealed that D. phthorimaeae and P. dignus coexist in tomato and eggplant crops; T. absoluta-P. dignus interaction is also found on other non-cultivated solanaceous species present in horticultural farms. In addition, studies are currently under way to determine the predation ability of Zelus obscuridorsis (Stål, 1860) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) on both larvae and adults of the pest. Finally, we discuss the prospects for implementing experimental augmentative releases of P. dignus to control the pest, a candidate selected considering various positive biological traits and because of its simple mass production and manipulation compared with other antagonists of T. absoluta.
Resumen
El control biológico de plagas tiene como premisa maximizar la acción de sus enemigos naturales para reducir el uso de plaguicidas en la agricultura. En este trabajo se reúne información de estudios sobre las especies de entomófagos de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) más importantes en el cultivo de tomate de la Argentina, con el objetivo de seleccionar candidatos potenciales para el control de esta plaga. Comparativamente, el parasitismo natural de huevos de T. absoluta es más bajo que el provocado por los parasitoides larvales Dineulophus phthorimaeae (de Santis, 1983) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) y Pseudapanteles dignus (Muesebeck, 1938) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Estos parasitoides exhiben atributos relevantes como agentes de control en estudios de laboratorio y campo. Muestreos realizados en las provincias de Tucumán y Buenos Aires, Argentina, mostraron que D. phthorimaeae y P. dignus coexisten en los cultivos de tomate y de berenjena, y también P. dignus se encuentra en otras solanáceas no cultivadas presentes en los predios hortícolas. Adicionalmente, se están llevando a cabo estudios para determinar la capacidad de depredación de Zelus obscuridorsis (Stål, 1860) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) sobre larvas y adultos de la plaga. Finalmente, se discute sobre la implementación de liberaciones aumentativas de P. dignus, candidato que reúne varios atributos biológicos positivos como potencial agente de control biológico de la plaga, y cuya cría masiva y manipulación son más simples que las de otros antagonistas.
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