The abundance of specialist and generalist lepidopteran larvae on a single host plant species: Does spatial scale matter?
Keywords:
diet breadth, Lepidoptera, spatial distribution, Roupala montanaAbstract
Specialist insects are more sensitive to spatial variations than generalists, which are able to exploit diverse hosts in various habitats. This study investigated whether specialist lepidopteran larvae feeding on a single host, Roupala montana Aubl. (Proteales: Proteaceae), maintain consistent abundance rates across spatial scales. We compared the abundance of specialist and generalist larvae at local and regional scales during the same period of collection, with equal sample efforts, and in the same type of vegetation, within a Brazilian savanna biome. Particularly, we focused on the following questions: Does spatial scale matter to the abundance of specialist larvae on a single host plant species? What is the relationship between the abundance of specialists and generalists among spatial scales? As predicted, in general, specialist larvae were present at higher densities on their specific host plants than generalists. However, we sought to learn how this abundance changed or did not change with spatial scale, as well as whether community similarity increased with spatial proximity. In this study, most larvae of specialist species on R. montana occurred at both local and regional scales, but they differed in abundance at different spatial scales. Moreover, although specialist larvae exhibited higher densities on R. montana than generalists, this pattern was not always consistent. The assemblage of larvae in neighboring areas showed greater mutual similarity, and there was a negative relationship between distance and similarity.
Resumo
Insetos especialistas são mais sensíveis às variações espaciais do que os generalistas, devido à sua habilidade em explorar diversas plantas hospedeiras em vários habitats. Este estudo investigou se lagartas especialistas em uma única planta hospedeira, Roupala montana Aubl. (Proteales: Proteaceae), tem abundância consistente através das escalas espaciais. Nós comparamos a abundância das lagartas especialistas e generalistas, em escala local e regional, durante o mesmo período de amostragem, com esforço amostral similar, e mesmo tipo de vegetação no bioma Cerrado (savana brasileira). Particularmente, as seguintes questões foram discutidas: A escala espacial importa para a abundância de lagartas especialistas em uma única planta hospedeira? Qual é a relação entre a abundância de especialistas e generalistas entre escalas geográficas? Como previsto, em geral, lagartas especialistas apresentam maiores densidades em suas plantas hospedeiras do que as generalistas. No entanto, nós queríamos avaliar as mudanças ou não na abundância das lagartas especialistas e generalistas em diferentes escalas espaciais, assim como se a similaridade entre as comunidades aumenta com a proximidade espacial. No presente estudo, a maioria das lagartas especialistas em R. montana ocorreu em ambas escalas, local e regional, mas suas abundâncias variaram espacialmente. Embora, em geral, as lagartas especialistas ocorram em maiores densidades em R. montana do que as espécies generalistas, este padrão não foi sempre consistente. As comunidades de lagartas de localidades próximas mostraram maior similaridade entre si, e a relação entre a distância e similaridade foi negativa.
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