Trap design for lovebugs, Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae)
Keywords:
phenylacetaldehyde, Universal moth trap, attractant, polytetrafluoroethylene, Fluon®Abstract
The lovebug, Plecia nearctica Hardy (Diptera: Bibionidae), is an invasive nuisance insect in Florida, USA. We previously showed that the floral compound phenylacetaldehyde (PAA) and yellow color were preferred olfactory and visual stimuli for capturing adult lovebugs. However, suitable designs for a trap have not been investigated. Here, we evaluated 3 basic types of insect traps (sticky, funnel, and interception) for their effectiveness in collecting adult lovebugs under field conditions in central and southern Florida. All traps were yellow or painted yellow and baited with PAA, which was highly attractive to both sexes. Yellow sticky cards orientated vertically were effective, but they quickly filled with lovebugs and were thus unsuitable for extended periods. Of the other commercial traps tested, the Universal moth (Unitrap), Japanese beetle, and modified Lindgren traps were effective, whereas the Delta, Ball (McPhail), boll weevil, fly (baited cup), and stink bug traps were relatively ineffective. Overall, the Unitrap was favored because it potentially can capture many thousands of lovebugs with a low proportion of non-target species (i.e., ≤ 6% of total insects collected), is reuseable for multiple seasons, and potentially can be improved by the addition of fluon or similar non-stick material to the entrance. The lure (polypropylene vial containing 0.75 mL PAA) was attractive to lovebugs for at least 2 wk under field conditions. The position of the lure (inside versus outside the trap) did not statistically affect the effectiveness of the Unitrap. The strategic deployment of lovebug traps is discussed.
Resumen
El insecto del amor, Plecia nearctica Hardy (Diptera: Bibionidae), es un molesto insecto invasivo en Florida, EE.UU. Previamente mostramos que el compuesto floral fenilacetaldehido (FAA) y el color amarillo fueron preferidos tanto olfativamente como por su estimulo visual para la captura de insectos del amor adultos. Sin embargo, diseños eficientes de trampas no han sido investigados. En este trabajo evaluamos tres tipos básicos de trampas (pegajosas, de embudo, y de intercepción) por su efectividad en las colectas de insectos del amor bajo condiciones de campo en la centro y sureste Florida. Todas las trampas fueron amarillas o pintadas de este color y cebadas con FAA el cual fue altamente atractivo para ambos sexos. Tarjetas amarillas pegajosas orientadas verticalmente fueron efectivas, pero fácilmente saturadas con los insectos del amor por consiguiente ineficientes por largos periodos de tiempo. De las otras trampas comerciales evaluadas, la universal para palomillas (Unitrap), para el escarabajo japonés y la Lindgren modificada fueron efectivas, mientras que la Delta, la Ball (McPhail), para el picudo de la bellota, trampa para la mosca (copa cebada), y para la chinche apestosa fueron relativamente inefectivas. En general, la trampa Unitrap fue la más favorable siendo que esta puede potencialmente capturar varios miles de insectos del amor con una baja proporción de especies no objetivo (ej. ≤ 6% del total de insectos colectados), así mismo es reutilizable por múltiple temporadas, y puede ser potencialmente mejorada con la adición de teflón o materiales similares no pegajosos en la entrada de la trampa. El cebo (un vial de polipropileno conteniendo 0.75 mL de FAA) fue atractivo para los insectos del amor por al menos 2 semanas bajo condiciones de campo. La posición del cebo (dentro contra fuera de la trampa) no afectaron estadísticamente la efectividad de la trampa Unitrap. El despliegue estratégico de las trampas para los insectos del amor es discutido.
Downloads
Additional Files
Issue
Section
License
Copyright for any article published in Florida Entomologist is held by the author(s) of the article. Florida Entomologist is an open access journal. Florida Entomologist follows terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commercial License (cc by-nc). By submitting and publishing articles in Florida Entomologist, authors grant the FOJ and Florida Entomologist's host institutions permission to make the article available through Internet posting and electronic dissemination, and to otherwise archive the information contained both electronically and in a hard printed version. When used, information and images obtained from articles must be referenced and cited appropriately. Articles may be reproduced for personal, educational, or archival purposes, or any non-commercial use. Permission should be sought from the author(s) for multiple, non-commercial reproduction. Written permission from the author(s) is required for any commercial reproduction.