Reproduction of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at different temperatures
Keywords:
biological control, mass rearing, parasitism, sugarcane borerAbstract
Temperature is a major abiotic factor affecting insects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diatraea saccharalis F., sensu Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at 6 constant temperatures (16, 19, 22, 25, 28, and 31 °C). This parasitoid developed at all temperatures with the shortest development time and lowest survival at 31 °C. Tetrastichus howardi females oviposited immediately after making contact with the host pupae. Parasitoids that were kept at 25 °C had the greatest fecundity, and those kept at 16 °C had the greatest longevity. The greatest net reproductive rate (R0) occurred at 25 °C, and the intrinsic rates of increase (rm) at 25, 28, and 31 °C were similar but significantly greater than at the lower temperatures. The generation time (T) of T. howardi was significantly the longest at 16 °C, which resulted in the slowest development and greatest female longevity. The fecundity of Tetrastichus howardi was greater in the 19 to 28 °C temperature range than at 16 °C and at 31 °C. These results are important for the multiplication of T. howardi in the laboratory, and for understanding its potential for the biological control of D. saccharalis.
Resumo
A temperatura é o principal fator abiótico que afeta insetos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o desenvolvimento de Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae ) em pupas de Diatraea saccharalis F., sensu Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em seis temperaturas constantes (16, 19, 22, 25, 28 e 31 °C) . Esse parasitóide se desenvolve em todas as temperaturas, com menor período de desenvolvimento e menor sobrevivência à 31 °C. Fêmeas de T. howardi podem ovipositar imediatamente após o contato com o hospedeiro, com maior fecundidade a 25 °C e sobrevivência a 16 °C. As tabelas de vida e de fertilidade mostraram uma taxa líquida de reprodução superior (R0) a 25 °C e taxa intrínseca semelhante de aumento (rm) com as temperaturas de 25, 28 e 31 °C. A duração de uma geração (T) de T. howardi foi maior a 16 °C, o que resultou no desenvolvimento mais lento e maior longevidade das fêmeas, nesta temperatura. Tetrastichus howardi tem maior desempenho, maior fecundidade e longevidade entre 19 a 28 °C. Estes resultados são importantes para a multiplicação de T. howardi em laboratório e para entender o seu potencial para o controle biológico de D. saccharalis.
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