Genetically modified maize resistant to corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Sinaloa, Mexico
Keywords:
Bacillus thuringiensis, δ-endotoxin, Helicoverpa zea, transgenicAbstract
Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the corn earworm, is a key pest causing damage to corn Zea mays L. (Poales: Poaceae). The development of hybrids expressing Cry1Ab, Vip3Aa20, and mCry3A protein of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) is an option to control this insect. Corn hybrids AgrisureTM 3000 GT, Agrisure® VipteraTM 3110, and Agrisure® VipteraTM 3111 were tested for corn earworm suppression in the agricultural region of Sinaloa during the 2011, 2012, and 2013 autumn–winter growing seasons, and compared with their respective isolines. Gallery length on the ear and the number of damaged ears were evaluated. The genetically modified hybrids demonstrated the effectiveness of inserted proteins to confer resistance to the corn earworm by killing the pest or reducing its growth and damage to the ear. Based on the results, AgrisureTM 3000 GT, Agrisure® VipteraTM 3110, and Agrisure® VipteraTM 3111 are useful elements for an integrated pest management program on corn in Sinaloa, Mexico.
Resumen
El gusano elotero, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), es una de las principales plagas que causa daño al maíz Zea mays L. (Poales: Poaceae). El desarrollo de híbridos que expresan las proteínas Cry1Ab, Vip3Aa20 y mCry3A de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) (Bacillales: Bacillaceae), son una opción de control para este insecto. Se evaluaron los híbridos de maíz AgrisureTM 3000 GT, Agrisure® VipteraTM 3110 y Agrisure® VipteraTM 3111 y se compararon con sus respectivas isolíneas para el control de gusano elotero, en la región agrícola de Sinaloa durante el ciclo otoño invierno 2011, 2012 y 2013. Se evaluó la longitud de galería en la mazorca y el número de mazorcas dañadas. Los híbridos genéticamente modificados demostraron la eficacia de las proteínas insertadas en el maíz sobre el gusano elotero, observándose que estos híbridos le confieren resistencia al ataque de esta plaga matándola o reduciendo su crecimiento causando menor daño al elote. Con base a los resultados, los eventos AgrisureTM 3000 GT, Agrisure® VipteraTM 3110 y Agrisure® VipteraTM 3111, son elementos útiles para ser incorporados en un programa de manejo integrado de plagas de maíz en Sinaloa, México.
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