Reverse taxonomy reveals Pristionchus maupasi (Diplogasterida: Diplogastridae) association with the soil-dwelling bee Andrena optata (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in Turkey
Keywords:
bee, commensalism, dauer, host specificity, necromeny, nematode–insect association,Abstract
Previous molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU) survey work with diplogastrid dauers from the abdominal glands of adult female soil-dwelling andrenid bees in Turkey had suggested commensal relationships between species of the genus Andrena and a new species of Koerneria and several species from an unidentified nematode clade near “Mononchoides” (based upon comparisons with GenBank at the time). We used reverse taxonomy on dauer nematodes from Andrena optata from Turkey to successfully culture, morphotype, and sequence adult nematodes that fully matched Pristionchus maupasi and one of the MOTUs previously isolated as dauers from the abdominal glands of A. limata and A. flavipes, and previously designated as belonging to the clade near “Mononchoides.” This study demonstrates the value of reverse taxonomy for resolving MOTU identification issues as the depth of the reference sequence database increases and successful cultures or environmental samples of adults are made available for morphotypic
and genotypic comparisons. In addition, it has helped expand our knowledge of the potential host range and biogeographical distribution of P. maupasi which was originally thought to be relatively host specific on scarab beetles, and has raised questions about the chemical ecology of dauers for this species in the wild.
Sumario
Investigaciones anteriores sobre la unidad taxonómica operativa molecular (UTOM) del dauer (un estadio larval resistente) de los diplogastridos en las glándulas abdominales de las hembras adultas de abejas andrenidas (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) que viven en el suelo en Turquía habían sugerido que hay una relación comensal entre las especies del género Andrena y una nueva especie de Koerneria y varias especies de un clado nematodo no identificado cerca “Mononchoides” (en base a comparaciones con GenBank en el momento). Se utilizó la taxonomía inversa sobre las larvas nematodas en Andrena optata Warncke recolectos en Turquía para criarlos con éxito, determinar el morfotipo y secuenciar los nematodos adultos que coincidían con Pristionchus maupasi (F.A. Potts) y uno de las UTOM previamente aislado como un estadio de resistencia en las glándulas abdominales de A. limata y A. flavipes, y previamente designados como perteneciente al clado cerca “Mononchoides”. Este estudio demuestra el valor de la taxonomía inversa para resolver problemas de identificación UTOM ya que incrementa la cantidad de secuencias de referencia en las bases de datos y la cria exitosa o muestras ambientales de los adultos se ponen a disposición para comparaciones morfotípicas y genotípicas. Además, ha ayudado a ampliar nuestro conocimiento de la variedad de hospederos posibles y distribución biogeográfica de P. maupasi que se creia originalmente que era relativamente específico a los hospederos Scarabaeidae y ha suscitado dudas sobre la ecología química de los individuos del estadio de resistencia para esta especie en el medio silvestre.
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