Effect of Holding Diet on Egg Formation of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Parasitoid of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psylloidae)
Keywords:
biological control, mass-rearing, storage, diet, oogenesisAbstract
Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), is an arrhenotokous ectoparasitoid of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psylloidae), vector of huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease. Mass-rearing parasitoids for augmentative biological control has created the need to find storage conditions that will optimize egg load upon release. Food provided to females during the holding period may be foremost among factors that determine the number of eggs available for oviposition following storage. Pairs of newly emerged T. radiata were provided with 8 different diet treatments: water, honey, Nu-Lure® (a proteinaceous liquid made from 44% hydrolyzed corn gluten meal), host nymphs, honey+ Nu-Lure, honey+ host nymphs, Nu-Lure+ host nymphs, and honey+ Nu-Lure + host nymphs. Female wasps were dissected after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days and mature eggs counted. An average of 4.6 eggs was observed in ovaries of newly emerged females. Honey alone was sufficient for female survival, but egg resorption took place within 5 days after emergence. The combination of honey + Nu-Lure resulted in female survivorship similar to a diet of host nymphs, but egg formation was less than with nymphs provided. Tamarixia radiata formed more eggs feeding on mixed diets (Nu-Lure+ honey+ nymphs or Nu-Lure+ nymphs) compared to nymphs alone. However no artificial diet substituted for nymphal hemolymph.
Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) es un parasitoide arrenotoco de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psylloidae), vector del huanglongbing (HLB) o la enfermedad del greening. La cría masiva de parasitoides para ser utilizados en control biológico aumentativo ha conllevado a la búsqueda de condiciones de almacenamiento que optimicen la carga de huevos cuando van a ser liberados. La alimentación de las hembras previamente a su liberación es probablemente uno de los factores más determinantes en el número de huevos disponibles durante la ovoposición. Parejas recién emergidas de T. radiata fueron divididas en 8 tratamientos distintos: agua, miel, Nu-Lure® (un líquido proteico a base de 44% de gluten de maíz hidrolizado), ninfas del hospedero, miel+Nu-Lure, miel+ninfas, Nu-Lure+ninfas y miel+Nu-Lure+ninfas. Las hembras de los parasitoides se disectaron transcurridos 5, 10, 15 y 20 días y se contó el número de huevos maduros. En promedio se observaron 4.6 huevos en los ovarios de las hembras recién emergidas. La dieta basada sólo en miel fue suficiente para permitir la supervivencia de las hembras, pero se detectó reabsorción de huevos a los cinco días. La combinación de miel + Nu-Lure produjo una supervivencia similar a la de la dieta basada en ninfas del hospedero aunque la formación de huevos fue menor que cuando se le ofrecieron ninfas. Tamarixia radiata formó más huevos cuando se alimentó con dietas combinadas (miel+Nu-Lure+ninfas) comparada con una dieta basada en ninfas. Sin embargo, ninguna de las dietas artificiales es capaz fue sustituir completamente la hemolinfa de ninfas.
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