Inhibition of Phenoloxidase Activity Delays Development in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Keywords:
Bactrocera dorsalis, phenoloxidase, kojic acid, tephritidae, inhibitory effectAbstract
Phenoloxidase (PO) is a multicopper enzyme, which plays an important role in melanin synthesis. PO is necessary for defense against intruding microorganisms and parasites, and is important in wound healing and cuticle pigmentation. As a specific inhibitor of PO, kojic acid (KA) is commonly used to characterize the functional properties of PO. In this study, we investigated the effect of KA on PO activity during the development of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, which is a destructive pest of many horticultural crops. After feeding on a KA-containing artificial diet, the larval and pupal developmental periods were significantly prolonged. In addition, the larvae did not grow to normal size and rates of pupation and emergence were decreased when B. dorsalis larvae had been fed with KA-containing diet for 6 days. Compared to the control, PO activities from whole bodies of B. dorsalis were inhibited, so did in larval cuticles. Consistent with these, kinetic analysis showed that the catalytic capability of PO was significantly reduced. The I50 values of KA for PO activity also indicated that KA was an effective inhibitor of PO in B. dorsalis. Biochemical characterization showed that PO from B. dorsalis had maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 37°C. These results provide additional understanding of the role of PO in growth of B. dorsalis. As an inhibitor of PO, KA is capable of disrupting the development of this pest insect.
Fenoloxidasa (FO) es una enzima multicobre que juega un papel importante en la síntesis de melanina. FO es necesaria para la defensa contra los microorganismos intrusos, parásitos y es importante en la cicatrización de heridas, y la pigmentación de la cutícula. Como un inhibidor específico de FO, ácido kójico (AK) es comúnmente utilizado para caracterizar las propiedades funcionales de FO. En este estudio, se investigó el efecto de AK sobre la actividad de FO durante el desarrollo de la mosca oriental de la fruta, Bactrocera dorsalis, que es una plaga importante de varios cultivos hortícolas. Después de alimentar con una dieta artificial que tenia AK, los periodos de desarrollo de las larvas y las pupas se prolongaron significativamente en los grupos tratados con AK. Además, las larvas no crecieron a su tamaño normal y se redujeron las tasas de pupación y emergencia cuando las larvas de B. dorsalis fueron alimentadas por 6 días con la dieta que tenia AK. En comparación con el control, las actividades de FO fueron inhibidas en los cuerpos enteros y las cutículas de las larvales de B. dorsalis. Consistente con estos bloqueos, el análisis cinético mostró que la capacidad catalítica de FO se redujo significativamente. Los valores de I50 de AK para la actividad de FO también indicó que AK fue un inhibidor eficaz de FO en B. dorsalis. La caracterización bioquímica mostró que FO de B. dorsalis tenían una actividad máxima a pH 7.5 y 37°C. Estos resultados incrementan nuestra comprensión de la función de FO en el crecimiento de B. dorsalis. Como un inhibidor de la FO, AK es capaz de perturbar el desarrollo de esta plaga de insectos.
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