Population Dynamics of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Orchards of ‘Valencia’ Orange, ‘Ponkan’ Mandarin and ‘Murcott’ Tangor Trees
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the population dynamics of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in orchards of ‘Valencia’ orange, ‘Ponkan’ mandarin, and ‘Murcott’ tangor trees located at the São José farm in the municipality of Taquaritinga, São Paulo (SP). Yellow sticky traps used to monitor this disease vector were evaluated monthly for 4 yr between Sep 2004 and Aug 2008. The largest number of D. citri was captured on the ‘Ponkan’ mandarin trees followed by the ‘Murcott’ tangor and ‘Valencia’ orange trees with significant differences. Chemical pest control and environmental factors likely are responsible for these results. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that there is a weak correlation between the abundance of D. citri and the environmental factors of temperature and precipitation. An analysis of variance suggested that there was a significant difference in the abundance of D. citri among the 3 citrus tree varieties, and the autocorrelation was significant for the ‘Valencia’ orange orchard. Spectral analysis indicated that there were greater frequencies of peaks in the ‘Ponkan’ mandarin and ‘Murcott’ tangor trees, and the simulations performed using a stochastic logistic model suggested that the psyllid populations on orange trees are the most susceptible to local extinction; this result likely occurred because of the high levels of chemical control applied to orange trees. Therefore, in a D. citri management program, the different citrus varieties planted on a farm should be considered, thus varieties without the proper management of the vector does not become a source of psyllids for infestation of other varieties.O propósito deste trabalho foi estudar a dinâmica populacional de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) em pomar de laranjeira ‘Valência’, tangerineira ‘Ponkan’ e tangoreiro ‘Murcott’, localizados no Sítio São José, município de Taquaritinga, São Paulo (SP). Para o monitoramento do vetor foram utilizadas armadilhas adesivas amarelas, sendo avaliadas mensalmente, durante 4 anos, de setembro de 2004 à agosto de 2008. A maior captura de D. citri ocorreu, seguida do tangoreiro ‘Murcott’ e da laranjeira ‘Valência’. Esse resultado deve-se, provavelmente, ao controle químico de pragas e fatores ambientais. A análise de correlação de Pearson indica fraca correlação entre a abundância de psilídeos e os fatores ambientais temperatura e precipitação. A análise de variância sugere diferença significativa entre a abundância de D. citri nas três variedades e a autocorrelação foi significativa para o pomar de laranjeira Valência. A análise espectral indica maior frequência de picos na tangerineira ‘Ponkan’ e no tangoreiro ‘Murcott’, e as simulações realizadas com o modelo logístico estocástico sugerem que as populações de psilídeos mais susceptíveis à extinção local são as da laranjeira, em razão provavelmente, dos altos níveis de controle quimico. Portanto, em um programa de manejo de D. citri, as diferentes variedades cítricas plantadas em uma propriedade devem ser consideradas, desse modo uma das variedades não se torna fonte de psilídeo para as demais.
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