Hymenopteran Parasitoids Attacking the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Western and Central Pennsylvania
Abstract
We conducted field surveys of the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, and associated larval parasitoids in western and central Pennsylvania (Cranberry Township in Butler County and Granville in Mifflin County) in the spring and fall of 2009. The survey procedure involved destructively debarking sections of the main trunk (bole) of EAB-infested green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) trees from the ground to the height of 2 m. Three species of the hymenopteran parasitoids were consistently recovered from EAB larvae observed in both survey sites, including two indigenous species of braconids, Spathius laflammei Provancher (= Spathius benefactor Matthews) and Atanycolus nigropyga Shenefelt and the exotic (accidentally introduced) eupelmid Balcha indica (Mani & Kaul). In addition, there are three unidentified species of hymenopteran parasitoids including two braconids Atanycolus sp. [possibly Atanycolus disputabilis (Cresson)] and Spathius sp. (at the Butler Co. site) and one ichneumonid Dolichomitus sp. (at the Mifflin Co. site). These parasitoids together parasitized 0.5–4.6% and 0.5–1.5% of the sampled EAB hosts at the Butler and Mifflin Co. sites, respectively. Parasitism rate by each species or group of those hymenopteran parasitoids varied between the two survey sites—with parasitism rates being generally higher at the Butler Co. site than at the Mifflin Co. site. Studies are needed to determine if those new associations of North American indigenous braconid parasitoids with EAB may play a complementary role in controlling this invasive pest.Se realizaró un sondeo de campo sobre el barrenador esmeralda del fresno (BEF), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire y parasitoides asociadas de las larvas en el oeste y centro de Pennsylvania (el municipio de Cranberry en el condado de Butler y Granville en el condado de Mifflin) en la primavera y el otoño del 2009. El procedimiento del sondeo consistió del descortezamiento destructivo de secciones del tronco principal de árboles de fresno (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) infestado de BEF desde el suelo hasta la altura de 2 m. Tres especies de parasitoides del orden Hymenóptera fueron recuperadas regularmente de larvas de BEF observadas en los dos sitios de estudio, incluyendo 2 especies indigenas de bracónidos, Spathius laflammei Provancher (= Spathius benefactor Matthews) y Atanycolus nigropyga Shenefelt y lo exótico (introducido accidentalmente) eupelmido Balcha indica (Mani y Kaul). Además, hay 3 especies no identificadas de parasitoides del orden Hymenóptera de los cuales 2 especies de braconidos, Atanycolus. [posiblemente Atanycolus disputabilis (Cresson)] y Spathius sp. (en el sitio en el condado de Butler), y una especie de ichneumonido, Dolichomitus sp. (en el sitio en el condado de Mifflin). Estes parasitoides juntos parasitaron 0.5 a 4.6% y del 0.5 – 1.5% de los BEF estudiadas en los sitios de los condados de Butler y Mifflin, respectivamente. La tasa de parasitismo por cada especie o grupo de los himenópteros parasitoides variaron entre los dos sitios de estudio - con la tasa de parasitismo generalmente más alto en el sitio en el condado de Butler que en el sitio en el condado de Mifflin. Se necesitan estudios para determinar si esas nuevas asociaciones de Norte América indígena parasitoides bracónido con BEF puede jugar un papel complementario en el control de esta plaga invasora.
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