Morphometrics of Eggs, Nymphs, and Adults of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae), Grown on Two Varieties of Tomato Under Greenhouse Conditions
Abstract
The effects of 2 varieties of tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., i.e., ‘Charanda F1’ and ‘Rafaello’, were evaluated on the morphometries of Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc). Eggs, nymphs, and adults of B. cockerelli were collected from 2 varieties of tomato, ‘Charanda F1’ and ‘Rafaello’, under greenhouse conditions in the Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, the State of Mexico, during the periods Oct-Dec 2009 and Jan-Mar 2010. Since 2000–2001 the B. cockerelli cultures were maintained on tomato with no exposure to agro-chemicals. Adult B. cockerelli were kept in individual growth chambers constructed of wooden frames covered with organza cloth, under 14:10 h L:D and temperatures ranging from 10 to 25 °C. For morphometric analysis of the eggs, the following variables were investigated: egg length (LH), egg width (AH), and pedicel length (PED). For nymphs, the variables were: body length (LC), body width (AC), and antennal length (ANT). For adults, the variables were: body length (LC), body width at thorax (ACT), wing length (LALA), and wing width (ANALA). The 2 tomato varieties were found to have differential morphometric effects on B. cockerelli as follows: no significant differences on egg length (F1,41 = 0.57; P = 0.4551), but egg width was differentially affected by the variety of tomato (F1,41 = 11.92; P = 0.0013). There were significant differential effects of tomato variety on nymphs: body length (F4,324 = 1199.2; P < 0.0001), body width (F4,324 = 900.72; P = 0.0001); and antennae length (F4,324 = 883.93; P = 0.0001). Body length of the adults (F1,117 = 7.11; P = 0.0087) was differentially affected by the 2 different tomato varieties. None of the plants showed any symptoms of infection by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, which is known to cause effects on B. cockerelli fitness traits. Body width and antennal length of nymphs can be recommended to differentiate all 5 nymphal instars on this pest species, which has practical implications.Se evaluó el efecto de dos variedades de jitomate (‘Charanda F1’ y ‘Rafaello’) en la morfometría de B. cockerelli (Sulc). Se colectaron huevos, ninfas y adultos criados en dos variedades de jitomate ‘Charanda F1’ y ‘Rafaello’, en condiciones de invernadero en el Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, México, en el periodo Octubre-Diciembre 2009-Enero-Marzo 2010. Las condiciones generales de la cría fueron: la colonia de insectos origen se integró desde el periodo 2000–2001 sobre plantas de tomate, sin aplicación de agroquímicos; los adultos fueron mantenidos en jaulas individuales de marco de madera cubiertos con tela de organza, bajo un periodo de 14 h de luz, con un rango de temperatura de 10 a 25° C. En el análisis de morfometría de huevos se consideraron las variables: Longitud de Huevo (LH), Ancho de Huevo (AH) y Longitud de Pedicelo (PED). En ninfas, Largo de Cuerpo (LC), Ancho de Cuerpo (AC) y Longitud de Antenas (ANT). En adultos, Longitud de Cuerpo (LC), Ancho de Cuerpo en Tórax (ACT), Longitud de Ala (LALA), Ancho de Ala (ANALA). Se encontró que el efecto de las variedades de jitomate en la morfometría, no presenta diferencias significativas sobre la Longitud de huevos (F1, 41 = 0.57; P = 0.4551); aunque el Ancho de huevo sí resultó afectado por la variedad de jitomate sobre la que se criaron los insectos (F1, 41 = 11.92; P = 0.0013). Los estados ninfales, para las variables Largo de Cuerpo (F4, 324 = 1199.2; P < 0.0001), Ancho de Cuerpo (F4, 324 = 900.72; P < 0.0001) y Largo de Antenas (F4, 324 = 883.93; P < 0.0001), resultaron diferenciadas en forma significativa debido a la variacióon de los diferentes ínstares; esta diferencia tiene implicaciones prácticas porque dichas variables podrían ser usadas como guías para identificar las cinco fases ninfales. La longitud del cuerpo del adulto (F1, 117 = 7.11; P = 0.0087), se afecta cuando B. cockerelli se cría sobre las variedades de jitomate mencionadas.
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