Potential Distribution in Mexico of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Vector of Huanglongbing Pathogen
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), the citrus disease associated with the bacteria ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, is the most important threat of the Mexican citrus industry. Since 2009, this bacterium has been detected in 11 out of 23 citrus producing states of the country, although with a limited distribution in each state. The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama [Hemiptera: Psyllidae]) is the vector of this bacterium; the insect is distributed in all the citrus growing zones of Mexico. Presently, the lime production zone in the Mexican states of Colima, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, and Sinaloa, near to the Pacific Ocean coast, is the most affected by this disease. One of the main strategies to retard or stop the advance of HLB consists in the regional management of the psyllid populations. In order to contribute to the support of this strategy we analyzed the daily courses of temperature and rainfall all over the country to classify the citrus zones according to the probability of occurrence of favorable conditions for rapid and continuous psyllid reproduction. The results indicate that one of the most important regions of sweet orange production of Mexico, southern Veracruz and the region named “La Huasteca”, where the states of Veracruz, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo converge, represent the zones with the highest risk for an accelerated reproduction of the psyllid. At present these regions remain free of the bacterium and are considered of highest priority for the management of psyllid populations and for preventing the entry and establishment of HLB.El Huanglongbing (HLB), la enfermedad causada por la bacteria ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, es la amenaza más importante para la prevalencia de la industria citrícola mexicana. Desde 2009, el patógeno ha sido detectado en 11 de los 23 estados productores de cítricos del paií, aunque con una distributión limitada en cada estado. El psílido asiático de los cítricos (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) es el vector de la bacteria y actualmente se encuentra distribuido en todas las zonas productoras de cítricos del país. Hasta ahora la mayor afectación por esta enfermedad corresponde a la zona comercial de productión de limón mexicano en los estados de Colima, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit y Sinaloa en la costa del Océano Pacífico. Una de las estrategias que se han implementado para la contentión de esta enfermedad es el manejo regional de poblaciones del psílido. Para contribua a sustentar esta estrategia, analizamos las series históricas diarias de temperatura y precipitatión de todo el país y clasificamos las zonas citrícolas con base en la probabilidad de presentar condiciones favorables para la reproducción continua y acelerada del psílido. Los resultados indican que de las regiones más importantes de producción de naranja dulce en el país, la parte sur de Veracruz y la región denominada “La Huasteca”, donde convergen los estados de Veracruz, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi e Hidalgo, presentan el riesgo más alto para la reproductión acelerada del psílido. Actualmente, esta región se encuentra libre de este patógeno y se considera de la más alta prioridad para el manejo de las poblaciones del psílido a fin de evitar el ingreso y establecimiento del HLB.
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