Rearing the Oligophagous Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Meridic Diets without Host Plant Materials
Abstract
Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), an oligophagous Opuntia spp. herbivore from South America, has been used successfully as a biological control agent for several invasive Opuntia species around the world. However, its unintentional arrival in Florida raised serious concern over its possible effect on native Opuntia biodiversity and Opuntia-based industries. Development of control tactics to mitigate the threat of this invasive pest to North America relied upon a constant supply of all life stages of this insect species. Therefore, 3 strains of C. cactorum were established in a laboratory insectary and trials were initiated to optimize rearing methods using an artificial diet. Because monophagous or oligophagous lepidopterans may be sensitive to the balance of nutrients and/or the presence of specific feeding cues and because different strains of an oligophagous lepidopteran may respond differently to various meridic diets, we compared the development and survival of 3 strains of C. cactorum on several meridic diets without host plant materials. Although C. cactorum is an oligophage within the genus Opuntia, it accepted and developed on several diets containing non-host plant ingredients, yeast, and fish meal. The source and balance of non-host nutrients significantly affected all reproductive parameters of C. cactorum. The best performance of C. cactorum was on diets that contained white kidney beans, brewer’s yeast, wheat germ and/or soybeans.Resumen: Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), un herbívoro oligófago de Opuntia spp. en América del Sur, ha sido utilizado con éxito como agente de control biológico de varias especies de Opuntia invasoras en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, su llegada no intencional en la Florida ha causado una grave preocupación por su posible efecto sobre la biodiversidad nativa de Opuntia y las industrias basadas en Opuntia. El desarrollo de tácticas de control para mitigar la amenaza de esta plaga invasora de América del Norte ha dependido sobre una fuente constante de todos los estados de vida de esta especie de insectos. Por lo tanto, se establecieron 3 cepas de C. cactorum en un laboratorio de insectos y se iniciaron ensayos para optimizar los métodos de crianza con una dieta artificial. Debido a que los lepidópteros monófagos o oligófagos pueden ser sensibles al equilibrio de nutrientes y / o la presencia de señales específicas de alimentación y ademas de que diferentes cepas de un lepidóptero oligófagos pueden responder en maneras diferentes a distintas dietas merídicas, se comparó el desarrollo y la supervivencia de las 3 cepas de C. cactorum en varias dietas merídicas que contienen diferentes proteínas de no hospedantes. A pesar de C. cactorum es un herbívoro oligófago sobre especies del género Opuntia, se aceptó y se desarrolló sobre varias dietas que no contienen ingredientes de la planta hospedera y sobre levadura y proteínas de origen animal. La fuente y el equilibrio de las proteínas de no los hospedantes afectaron significativamente los parámetros reproductivos de C. cactorum. El mejor desempeño de C. cactorum fue en las dietas que contenían frijoles blancos, levadura de cerveza, germen de trigo y / o soja como fuentes de proteínas.
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