Phylogenetic Analysis of Trialeurodes Spp. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from India Based on Differences in Mitochondrial and Nuclear Dna
Abstract
About 55 species of Trialeurodes have been described with only a few viruliferous species like T. vaporariorum and T. abutilonea, which are able to transmit Criniviruses (Closteroviridae) and T. ricini, which is able to transmit Begomovirus spp. (Geminiviridae). Quick and accurate identification of whitefly vectors in the early life stages is important from the point of view of understanding the epidemiology of crinivirus associated plant diseases, and in their management and quarantine. Morphological identification is further strengthened by DNA barcoding. In this regard, we examined genetic differences in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) gene and the internal transcribe spacers (ITS) sequences of ribosomal DNA among various populations of T. vaporariorum collected from different geographic locations in the state of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh in India. Our studies are the first to analyze the genetic variation of T. vaporariorum populations in India, which showed no appreciable differences. This clearly indicated that there are no cryptic species or biotypes in T. vaporariorum in India in contrast to the studies of B. tabaci in which there is evidence for many biotypes. The phylogenetic analyses comprised of 4 Trialeurodes species showed 2 clades. Clade I is comprised of T. vaporariorum and T. abutilonea which are genetically close. Clade II consists of the remaining 2 species, viz., T. lauri and T. ricini. Also the current study provided evidence of the suggested emergence of biotypes T. ricini.Resumen: Se han descrito cerca de 55 especies de Trialeurodes y de estas hay unas cuantas especies que son reportadas como vectores de Crinivirus (Closteroviridae). Trialeurodes vaporariorum y Bemisia tabaci son dos vectores importantes del virus de enrollamiento amarillo de las hojas del tomate (TYLCV) y del virus de enanismo amarillo de la papa (PYDV). Una identificación rápida y precisa de los vectores de la mosca blanca en las etapas tempranas de vida es importante desde el punto de vista de la comprensión de la epidemiología de los crinivirus, su manejo y también la cuarentena. Utilizando las técnicas moleculares, la identificación morfológica ha sido reforzada aun mas por el uso de la codificación de barras del ADN utilizando primers universales de códigos de barras. En este estudio se analizaron las diferencias genéticas en el COI y ITS en 14 poblaciones de T. vaporariorum recolectadas de diferentes sitios geográficos en Karnataka, India. Nuestros estudios sobre T. vaporariorum mostró por primera vez que no hay diferencias apreciables genéticas entre las diferentes poblaciones. Esto indica claramente que no existe especies crípticas o biotipos en T. vaporariorum al contrario de las observaciones en B. tabaci, donde se han reportado varios biotipos. Un filograma fue construido para cuatro especies de Trialeurodes utilizando información disponible del nucleótidos del CO1 en el NCBI-GenBank junto con nuestros datos.
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